Complexity of the Concept of the Sacred

Multifaceted nature of the Concept of the Sacred Understanding the idea of the Sacred is an intricate wonder. Survey remembering more than 4000 years of the holy. Since the start of Humanity, Man has been attempting to comprehend itself's general surroundings, attempting to fill in the pieces to questions it doesn't have the foggiest idea about the response to. The human excursion can be viewed as a journey a quest for information, comfort and at last for comprehension. Maybe the best of humanities question have included confidence and the thought of a perfect god/being. Convictions about god have made a trip a lengthy, difficult experience to todays comprehension of the thought of God, the heavenly and holy. God as a work in progress started first with the numerous lords of the polytheistic confidence frameworks, with every god having restricted space of intensity and obligation. For early people, such divine beings felt recognizable and relatable. They didnt see a major inlet between the awesome and the genuine, this is the thing that made it so receptive, justifiable and at last follow capable. The idea of consecrated was just something tha t was past typical (Armstrong, 1993). As indicated by Stormonth Phelp (1896) the word Sacred is gotten from the Latin birthplace word Sacer, which means committed or sanctified to the higher creatures for example divine beings or anything divine. The word is frequently utilized reciprocally with Holy; anyway there are minor contrasts with the idea of heavenliness in that it is principally utilized according to connections and people, while consecrated is utilized comparable to happenings, places or articles (McCann, 2008). This requirement for consummation has prompted different mythos to have shaped throughout the years, coming full circle in the ideas of the Sacred/Profane polarity appropriately clarified by French Sociologist Emile Durkheim. The consecrated is the unfathomable soul of the strict and celestial experience. Religions since their commencement have included blended convictions and signs of those convictions, however they all have something very general and unequivocal, paying little mind to their temperament, through which the strict experience is separated from all others and that will be that the hallowed is something well beyond the adherents. In this manner, the consecrated is profoundly abstract in its inclination and Bastide compactly put it: if I somehow happened to give a meaning of the hallowed, it would cross my subjectivity, my own understanding of the holy and not a general definition (Desroche Bastide, 1974). To start understanding the idea of the Sacred, it is ideal to comprehend what is viewed as Sacred and what is viewed as Profane. In Durkheims hypothesis of Religion, both these ideas are the focal occupant. The Sacred, as indicated by Durkheim is a perfect, something that rises above regular presence and is both dazzling just as dread actuating, and something possibly perilous just as extra-customary. Holy in his view alludes to things that have been separate by man as requiring exceptional strict treatment and worship. One key point to note is that Sacred can be anything, from the earth to the moon, a feathered creature, a creature, a stone, a tree to a divine being. The holiness originates from a network checking them accordingly and once they have been set up as a hallowed, they are epitomized in strict practices, notions and convictions. The profane, then again is whatever is just customary, it grasps practices, people and thoughts that are at long last observed with ordinary unr emarkable mentalities of commonality, utility and ordinariness. Both the hallowed and profane are exceptionally interrelated because of the extraordinary degrees of feelings they conjure in the individuals that trust in them and concurring the Durkheim, the idea of Sacred and the profane shifts among society to society (Durkheim, 1974). Durkheim developed his thoughts and communicated religion as an administration of the consecrated, the methods by which a framework is created to warrant the execution of the hallowed in the network. Different sociological speculations recommend that at the focal point of any religion is the consecrated and religion is only a social marvel in its beginning, substance and reason (Desroche Bastide, 1974). Sosis Alcorta (2003) are significant advocates of the versatile worth hypothesis of religion, having to some degree comparable perspectives as Durkheim, expressing that religion advanced to upgrade attachment and participation between gatherings. Enrollment in a gathering setting considered a more noteworthy possibility of endurance and multiplication just as headway as a gathering. They likewise proposed that the expensive flagging hypothesis recommended why customs were such a significant piece of strict work on, expressing that it was to ward of those attempting to swindle the framework for example be a piece of the gathering without offering anything of significant worth. The motivation behind why understanding the Sacred is such a perplexing marvel, is that the Sacred is profoundly emotional in its inclination, pliable to suit the reason for its time and setting. At whatever point a catastrophic event happened, for example, a tremor, flood, dry spell, the more established human advancements took it to god/s being furious and their crude comprehension of nature took to butcher being a commendable penance to satisfy the divinities, bringing about the closure of their misery. As our advances advance, so does our comprehension of nature and with it a consistent decrease in the extraordinary demonstrations people once used to do. Be that as it may, people, being the result of a developmental motor, are still very inclined to completing nonsensical conduct so as long as they accept and have confidence in the hallowed (Shermer, 1997). Armstrong (1993) was likewise very clear in her works, expressing that subsequent to having taken a gander at more than 4000 years of recorded mankind's history that the thought of god was rarely constant, with what individuals thought about god, going from polytheistic to monotheistic to skeptical, relied on a huge number of elements. Today there are 12 old style world religions, those remembered for most strict definitions to be specific; BahaI, Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto, Sikhism, Taoism and Zoroastrinism, in any case if one somehow managed to dig further in, they would take note of that these twelve inside themselves incorporate various orders and groups with their followers considering various things as holy for example what may be sacrosanct for a Shia Muslim, probably won't be for a Sunni Muslim and so forth. In todays data age of the 21st century where information is growing at a touchy rate, the words used to characterize ones comprehension of the holy is ever extending, with endless development in our comprehension of human cognizance and with religions ever changing because of the evolving socio-political scene, there is almost no uncertainty that the thought of what is holy is and consistently will stay a mind boggling marvel. References: Desroche, H. (1975). Religion (Sociologie de la). La grande encyclopedie, sixteenth vol.. Paris: Libr. Larousse. Durkheim, E. (1974). Regulile metodei sociologice. Bucureã… Ã… ¸ti: Ed. Ã… Ã… ¾tiinã… Â £ificã„æ'. Armstrong, K. (1993). A History of God. Ballatine Books Stormonth, J Phelp, P.H (1895). A Dictionary of the English Language, Blackwood children. Recovered March nineteenth, 2017 from https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language.html?id=NmogAQAAMAAJredir_esc=y McCann, C. (2008). New Paths Toward the Sacred Thus, Paulist Press Shermer, M. (1997). Why individuals accept peculiar things: Pseudoscience, odd notion, and different disarrays within recent memory. New York: W.H. Freeman. Sosis, R.; Alcorta, C. (2003). Flagging, solidarity, and the holy: the advancement of strict conduct. Developmental Anthropology

Comparing throughput accounting and cost based approaches Essay Example For Students

Looking at throughput bookkeeping and cost based methodologies Essay This endeavor surveys and analyzes the develops of throughput bookkeeping ( TA ) and cost-based assaults. The essential point is to investigate of the two assaults in order to flexibly bearing with the ability of improving tasks judgments within the sight of different exercises and submitted costs. To begin with, we take a gander at the primer to adjust in cost-based assaults. Second, Throughput Accounting ( TA ) and Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) are talked about, for example, the five stairss for advancements in TOC. Next, the effect of the organization of changing to throughput bookkeeping is really incredible? At that point, Goldratt and Galloway and Waldron scrutinize of TA. At last, TA versus Cost-Based assaults are analyzed dependent on numerical delineations and articulations. Numeric results show that both TA and cost-based assaults can flexibly bearing with better open introduction estimating of cut bringing down the expenses and help to better the organization s productivit y. Therefore, proposals for consolidating the two assaults are in finish up. I am a works chief portraying to the Division Vice President in one of the UK s company which produces putting throwing for fly motors in the aeronautic trade. My company has felt the interest for a progressively antiphonal, increasingly all encompassing assaults and accordingly the Division Vice President surveies about the throughput bookkeeping ( TA ) and hypothesis of limitations ( TOC ) , presented in McGuinn s 2009 article, Got Lean? Six Sigma? Here s Another Theory . In this manner, he requested that I carry on intensive research and instruct him on the throughput bookkeeping versus cost-based bookkeeping assaults. Research a couple of case surveies as outlines of the required relocation and the effect it has on organizations. Further, He anticipated that me should answer requests, for example, What are Throughput Accounting ( TA ) and Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) ? Is the effect of the organization of changing to throughput bookkeeping really extraordinary? Analysis of Throughput Accounting ( TA ) Throughput Accounting ( TA ) Versus Cost-Based Accounting My Division Vice President accepts that this examination will benefit the vital method of the organization and help him in solid assurance concocting. Outline1 Introduction2 2.0 A Preliminary to Change in Cost-Based Accounting Approaches3 Throughput Accounting ( TA ) and Theory of Constraints ( TOC )4 Identify the Constraints5 Decide How to Make the Best Use of Constraints6 Submit Non-imperatives to Constraints7 Promote the Constraints8 Following Removal of Current Constraint, Redo All Steps9 Is the Impact of the Company of Switching to Throughput Accounting really Great?10 Evaluates the Practicality11 Impact on the Companies12 Criticism of Throughput Accounting ( TA )13 Throughput Accounting ( TA ) Versus Cost-Based Accounting14 Decision15 Mentions Presentation Not to talk about non-benefit association, a definitive finish of any organization is just to accomplish more cash. So as to infer more, there must be more noteworthy speed of framework in bring forthing the cash. TA is the principal assault that factors in the greater part of import segment losing in the entirety of the cost-based bookkeeping assaults Throughput ( TOC Center, 1999 ) . TA is non a bing frameworks and which is a cardinal relocation off from the point of convergence on costs and the allocation of them to stocks. Throughput can be characterized as the rate at which the organization creates more grosss through gross incomes ( TOC Center, 1999 ) . From this announcement, it very well may be inferred that what an organization can make so as to hang on its end is by boosting its throughput. 2.0 A Preliminary to Change in Cost-Based Accounting Approaches It is accepted that cost-based assaults do non transition with the improvement in creating condition, for example, conventional bookkeeping, which is demonstrated by the way that customary bookkeeping today despite everything places same emphasize on direct work cost as what it did during its initial time of advancement. Genuine bounty that today s manufacture life in which more motorization is required, has driven direct work to lose impact and caused the cost-based bookkeeping to go neglected procedure. Besides, cost-control is of import however cost-based assaults are non achieving corporate gross incomes and total compensations developing ( TOC Center, 1999 ) . No organization plans to cut back as its since quite a while ago run corporate plan. Be that as it may, cost-based assaults are hindering an organization from doing total compensations. Cost-put together assaults center with respect to instructing costs, seting disbursal at the Center of the dynamic and open introduction estimating methodology. Thus, the terminal result is informations that does non fit world and in this manner, there is a turning acknowledgment that the interest of various alternatives to chop down the unintended and erroneous outcome of cost-based assaults. A review led by TOC Center ( 1999 ) included that chiefs in 100s of organizations have simply utilized cost bookkeeping assault just when it can permit the figure which is nearest to their viewpoint. Called to do a distinction, the utilization of Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) considerations as Throughput Accounting is a frameworks heading precept created by Ellyahu. M. Goldratt in the mid 1980s ( Dugdale and Jones, 1998 ) . Alternately, cost-based accountings neglect to recognize the basic capacity of restrictions and handle all nations as all of import ( TOC Center, 1999 ) . The TOC Center uses the TOC builds to accelerate method advancement in manufacture and undertaking tasks which has a 15 twelvemonth way record of helping organizations. It has worked with in excess of 100 organizations using TOC to do large springs in operational open introduction. TOC Center has been on the taking outskirt of the encouraging change since the distribution of The Goal in excess of 20 mature ages back. The distribution day of the period of this article indicated the twelvemonth 1999. As it were, it was distributed a decennary back. In this manner, the importance of the article could be addressed. Be that as it may, in this article, it is pertinent to the subject of my article in light of the fact that the expectation of my exploration is to give a wide extent of delineations and articulations so as to think about the TA and cost-based assaults. The TOC Center regulation is you get the outcomes or you do nt pay and bang it utilizes a couple of occurrence surveies as representations of the required relocation and the effect it has on organizations, demonstrated focusing strategies of TA and completely censures the cost-based assaults as an out of date method which ought to non be utilized. The outlines gave is demonstrated bounty to embody how solid of the TA is on the grounds that which are giving in the various businesses. It has expanded the detected trustworthiness towards the substance of my endeavor. David Dugdale is by and by Professor Emeritus of Management Accounting at the University of Bristol. The entirety of his plants methodicallly talked about bearing bookkeeping subjects including bing frameworks, open introduction estimating and contributing dynamic. He is other than a bad habit seat of the Research Board of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and an Associate Editor of the British Accounting Review. Subsequently, his encounters permitted him to carry on an extremely trustworthy study regarding the matter of heading bookkeeping. Another essayist, T. Colwyn Jones is Emeritus Professor of Sociology of Accounting at the University of the West of England, Bristol. He is other than an Editorial Board part: Accountancy, Business and the Public Interest ; PhD Supervisor, University of Canterbury, NZ and along these lines, there will be no request of the constancy of the two journalists. In this article, David Dugdale and Colwyn Jones thankfully recognize the financial help of CIMA Research Foundation for their examination into representing throughput. They show how stocks could be positioned fitting TA proportion what's more finish up by delineating the way in which product expenses can be assembled on TA rules. The consideration of articulation has expanded the detected trustworthiness towards the substance of article all in all. In this manner, their work is applicable to my endeavor. Be that as it may, the distribution day of the month for this article indicated the twelvemonth 1998 and along these lines the significance of the article could be addressed. By the by, another distribution in 2008 by Fry, Philipoom and Leitch demonstrated a feeling of similitude to crafted by David Dugdale and Colwyn Jones. For outline, in talking about TA or the utilization of TOC, the two scholars cited Goldratt assault. Plus, for a portion of the pieces of their distributions, de spite the fact that they organized their words and works else, it very well may be discovered that their focuses were truly coordinated to one another. To talk similar messages with a 2008 distribution in any case the way that it was distributed in 1998, implies the builds received for the paper by Dugdale and Colwyn Jones are as yet pertinent today. Throughput Accounting ( TA ) and Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) TA is supported by the Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) which was created and promoted by Goldratt ( 1990 ) , Goldratt and Cox ( 1992 ) , Fredendall and Lea ( 1997 ) , Hall et Al. ( 1997 ) , and Ruhl ( 1996, 1997 ) . Boyd and Cox ( 2002 ) other than remembered this cost framework for their ideal assurance doing study in a constrained situation ( Fry et al. , 2008, p.1671 ) .The activity emerges when it is discovered that there is ever a factor which restrains the throughput. This factor is known as limitation. Goldratt focused on the significance of restriction to organization s open introduction and proposed Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) as a strategy of invariable advancement to the organization. There are five stairss for improvements in the TOC. Timothy D. Fry is Professor of Management Science, University of South Carolina ; Columbia, South Carolina. He has been convey oning a cluster of surveies in the nations of Management Accounting and Operation

Craft a Perfect Thesis

Craft a Perfect Thesis Craft a Perfect Thesis Craft a Perfect Thesis In university and even in high school, the quality of your paper totally depends on the quality of your thesis. What’s a thesis? The point of your paper! It should outline what your essay will argue, and what examples you will use to prove the point. Almost every single paper in high school and university requires a thesis, unless the teacher or professor specifically states that a thesis is not necessary. Sometimes, the instructions will give you your thesis. That’s when the directions say, “write a paper arguing climate change is a threat to Canada’s environment,” or “write an essay either agreeing or disagreeing with the idea that history advances because of the decisions of great leaders”. Other times, an essay assignment will just give you the topic for your paper, like “write a paper about an American leader in the Cold War.” These papers still require a thesis, which your argument will revolve around. No matter what the instructions are for your paper, it has to have a main point. Find your thesis by asking yourself, “what am I trying to say in this essay?”. The thesis statement will focus this into a single sentence or paragraph. It will show your reader, professor or TA, what to expect when they read your paper. Summarize your main point into one sentence, and then summarize the arguments you will use to prove this point. Avoid being too general, or the reader may be confused. And avoid being so specific that your argument ends up straying from the precise thesis. Be as concise and specific as possible but stay on point. The thesis should appear somewhere in your paper’s introduction, most likely at the end of the first paragraph. Avoid burying the thesis in the middle of your paper, unless the assignment specifically requires you to give a lot of background information before getting to your argument. If it helps, it’s usually fine to structure the sentence in a way that makes your thesis statement obvious. Starting the thesis with, “This paper will argue . . .” or “The point of this essay is . . .” makes the thesis stand out, and makes it easy for your professor to find. As you write your paper, keep checking to make sure each paragraph and each argument is related to your thesis. You can help the reader along by adding one sentence into each paragraph directly relating it to the thesis. And be sure to reword your thesis in the essay’s conclusion! This will end your paper naturally, and demonstrate how well you made your point. Not sure if your thesis is good enough? Or do you have no clue what it should be? Let Homework Help Canada take your thesis to the next level! We can assist you along every step of the way with our thesis and essay outlines service and our unique one-to-one Skype essay help sessions. Our team of professional writers has years of experience writing high-level essays and we can help you feel confident with your work. Find out more about our services or contact us to learn about our tutoring and editing services to ensure you only hand in the best assignments! Reference: Writing tips: Thesis statement. (2013). Retrieved August 26, 2015, from Craft a Perfect Thesis Craft a Perfect Thesis Craft a Perfect Thesis In university and even in high school, the quality of your paper totally depends on the quality of your thesis. What’s a thesis? The point of your paper! It should outline what your essay will argue, and what examples you will use to prove the point. Almost every single paper in high school and university requires a thesis, unless the teacher or professor specifically states that a thesis is not necessary. Sometimes, the instructions will give you your thesis. That’s when the directions say, “write a paper arguing climate change is a threat to USAs environment,” or “write an essay either agreeing or disagreeing with the idea that history advances because of the decisions of great leaders”. Other times, an essay assignment will just give you the topic for your paper, like “write a paper about an American leader in the Cold War.” These papers still require a thesis, which your argument will revolve around. No matter what the instructions are for your paper, it has to have a main point. Find your thesis by asking yourself, “what am I trying to say in this essay?”. The thesis statement will focus this into a single sentence or paragraph. It will show your reader, professor or TA, what to expect when they read your paper. Summarize your main point into one sentence, and then summarize the arguments you will use to prove this point. Avoid being too general, or the reader may be confused. And avoid being so specific that your argument ends up straying from the precise thesis. Be as concise and specific as possible but stay on point. The thesis should appear somewhere in your paper’s introduction, most likely at the end of the first paragraph. Avoid burying the thesis in the middle of your paper, unless the assignment specifically requires you to give a lot of background information before getting to your argument. If it helps, it’s usually fine to structure the sentence in a way that makes your thesis statement obvious. Starting the thesis with, “This paper will argue . . .” or “The point of this essay is . . .” makes the thesis stand out, and makes it easy for your professor to find. As you write your paper, keep checking to make sure each paragraph and each argument is related to your thesis. You can help the reader along by adding one sentence into each paragraph directly relating it to the thesis. And be sure to reword your thesis in the essay’s conclusion! This will end your paper naturally, and demonstrate how well you made your point. Not sure if your thesis is good enough? Or do you have no clue what it should be? Let Homework Help USA take your thesis to the next level! We can assist you along every step of the way with our thesis and essay outlines service and our unique one-to-one Skype essay help sessions. Our team of professional writers has years of experience writing high-level essays and we can help you feel confident with your work. Find out more about our services or contact us to learn about our tutoring and editing services to ensure you only hand in the best assignments! Reference: Writing tips: Thesis statement. (2013). Retrieved August 26, 2015, from

Violation of Nursing Laws Illegal Action or Ethical Dilemma

Running head: ILLEGAL ACTION OR ETHICAL DILEMMA? Violation of Nursing Laws: Illegal action or ethical dilemma NR351ON_AC: Transition to Professional Nursing Instructor: Violation of Nursing Laws â€Å"To err is human, to forgive is divine† (Pope, 1709). In the medical field, there is no ground for errors and definitely no forgiveness, only consequences. There are laws that dictate every aspect of nursing. These laws are written by the governing bodies and strictly enforced. The most common is the Health Insurance portability and accountability Act (HIPAA). This rule protects the privacy of patient health information, and the confidentiality provisions of the Patient Safety Rule. It protects the information that is used to research†¦show more content†¦She was fired when she attempted to inform the facility of its violations. The whistleblowers are not protected (Legal Eagle Eye, 2009). A similar incident about compromised photography caught scrutiny. Anne Penney had her personal camera confiscated when she photographed poor sanitary conditions of a facility to support the cleanliness concerns (Penney, 2009). It is not unusual that care givers who blo w the whistle, catch retaliation from employers. The â€Å"at will† employment has its hand at this. This means that an employee or employer can terminate employment at any time without cause and if the reason isn’t illegal. There are conditions under which a nurse or other health care professional may be protected from having retaliation for reporting patient safety violations or health care fraud. There are guidelines that govern whistle blowing, and health care individuals are encouraged to consider them (Drew Garrahan, (2005). Whistle blowing guidance from the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) will tell nurses how to raise concerns about patient care without breaching professional rules (Nursing Standard, 2009). In conclusion, breach of patient confidentiality and the privacy act violation is an illegal act. Healthcare workers must consider the consequences when blowing the whistle. Cautionary methods to avoid retaliation need to be in place to protect theShow MoreRelatedElder Abuse : An Ethical Dilemma1280 Words   |  6 PagesAbuse: An ethical Dilemma Nurses confront numerous dilemmas throughout their professional lives. The different types of dilemmas include, but are not limited to, ethical, moral, and legal dilemmas. These are the three most common dilemmas in nursing. A dilemma can be defined in many different ways. But all dilemmas are situations in which you have to make a difficult choice. 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The Comparison Of The Number Of Sets In The Maths - 795 Words

public class StatCalc { private int count; // Number of numbers that have been entered. private double sum; // The sum of all the items that have been entered. private double squareSum; // The sum of the squares of all the items. /** * Add a number to the dataset. 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That immediately helping them and telling them what to do isn’t going to help grown their understanding. Other thing was the multiple ways that yo u can think about math. How you, a teacher, think about a problem and how you would solve it isn’t necessarily how all your students will think and solve a problem. Just since it isn’t that same doesn’t mean their method is any less correct. You need to support all yourRead MoreBefore Delving Into The Similarities And Differences Of1573 Words   |  7 Pagesdelving into the similarities and differences of each country’s approach to teaching math, the article first discusses some of the cultural differences between the way teaching, as a profession, is viewed in Japan, the way teachers are trained to become teachers and how the Japanese school system differs from that of the United States. The article then focuses on several components that contribute to the ways math is taught, the role of homework and seatwork and how each are viewed, the materialsRead MoreThe Classroom, Stereotypes About Mathematics Abound1576 Words   |  7 Pagesmathematics abound. â€Å"Boys are better at math than girls† or â€Å"most people are not that good at math; therefore it is no big deal if I am not† are just a few of the common attitudes that teachers must be aware of and combat as to not allow them to become self-fulfilling prophecies for their students. BLA BLA BLA THIS IS INTRO HERE Mathematical Foundations It is imperative that learners have a rich understanding of numerical concepts. Many of the later math disciplines and skills that students willRead MoreChildren s Range Of Vocabulary Development1085 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopmentally appropriate sounds, words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs) essential for children to use during the learning segment. [Students already know key math vocabulary terms such as true math statements, say-ten way, and place values. These terms are crucial for students to continue in expanding their academic vocabulary terms for this math topic. During the learning segments for this topic, students will learn and apply different key vocabulary terms. These terms include words such as quantitiesRead MoreThe Mental Computation And Estimation1186 Words   |  5 PagesOperations SS 56 - (Mental Computation and Estimation, Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division) The Mental Computation and Estimation subtest measures a student s ability to mentally compute answers to math problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Isaac scored well below average. Isaac had the most difficulty with this subtest and was only able to correctly solve one problem. The problem that he solved correctly asked him, â€Å"What is one and one more?† IsaacRead MoreSupporting Children s Vocabulary Development1089 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopmentally appropriate sounds, words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs) essential for children to use during the learning segment. [Students already know key math vocabulary terms such as true math statements, say-ten way, and place values. These terms are crucial for students to continue in expanding their academic vocabulary terms for this math topic. During the learning segments for this topic, students will learn and apply different key vocabulary terms. These terms include words such as quantitiesRead MoreRelationship Between Math And Music1001 Words   |  5 Pagesdoesn’t get in the way when you do math homework? It’s because the harmonics in math and music go in a geometric pattern and so on, let me simple it down for you in this paper. In paper will discuss about the relationships between math and music, the reasons music is better when doing math, what type of music uses math, and what types of math has the most connection to music. What kinds of relationships does math have to music? The relations between math and music are like altruism betweenRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Mathematics1545 Words   |  7 Pagesit should never be about the teacher. It is all about the individual children and their needs will always be a first priority. As an educator, I have mixed feelings about Common Core Mathematics. I was not originally taught to think abstractly in math as a student myself and while some strategies are I believe useful to the visual preference learners, I still believe that the stages they wish the students to cover certain topics are far above what the students are developmentally capable at that

The Party’s Over by Richard Heinberg Free Essays

Energy is the critical element of our daily performance. Energy is the matter of our survival on earth. Those who possess energy possess the world, and balancing our energy needs with the availability of renewable energy sources is essential to provide us with sufficient opportunities to survive tough environmental conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Party’s Over by Richard Heinberg or any similar topic only for you Order Now To a large extent, we ourselves are guilty of not being reasonable in energy consumption. Moreover, we are responsible for resolving the majority of the current energy issues. Since humans are expected to be reasonable, our attitudes toward energy should be reasonable too. How often we are willing to look deeper into the causes of the major energy crises will also predetermine our chances to balance technological advancement, industrialization, the growing energy needs with the limitedness of energy resources. The Party’s Over by Richard Heinberg Introduction Energy is the critical element of our daily performance. Energy is the matter of our survival on earth. Those who possess energy possess the world, and balancing our energy needs with the availability of renewable energy sources is essential to provide us with sufficient opportunities to survive tough environmental conditions. To a large extent, we ourselves are guilty of not being reasonable in energy consumption. Moreover, we are responsible for resolving the majority of the current energy issues. Since humans are expected to be reasonable, our attitudes toward energy should be reasonable too. How often we are willing to look deeper into the causes of the major energy crises will also predetermine our chances to balance technological advancement, industrialization, the growing energy needs with the limitedness of energy resources. As humans, we constantly seek to capture the most promising sources of energy. In this context, oil has been widely recognized as the most attractive and universal source of energy. However, this impression is at least deceptive, and our energy issues grow out of our unreasonable attitudes towards the most widely used sources of energy. Heinberg (2005) is correct: â€Å"it is because living things are open systems, with energy and matter continually flowing through them, that they can afford to create and sustain order. Take away their sources of usable energy or matter, and they soon die and begin to disintegrate† (p. 11). That is one of the reasons Heinberg (2005) provides – the reasons that should push us toward reconsidering the traditional patterns of energy consumption in society. In other words, where energy serves the basis of stability and social order in society, energy should also be reasonably consumed, and the need to preserve this social order is the basic reason why we should review the traditional ways of using and consuming energy from different sources. Unfortunately, we tend to forget that energy is not inexhaustible; even the basic laws of thermodynamics suggest that the transformation of energy from one form into another is accompanied by losing of the certain amount of this energy in the form of heat. These amounts of energy are readily used but are not easy to reproduce, and if we don’t address the current energy scarcity, we will soon follow the rabbits that in their desire to inhabit Australia (another Heinberg’s example) have sentenced themselves to death. It should be noted, that the example of rabbits is very demonstrative: in simple words Heinberg (2005) tries to explain WHY and HOW we should pay more attention to HOW MUCH energy we consume and how much energy we are able to reproduce. In simple words, Heinberg (2005) explains the consequences which insufficient energy is likely to cause, and apart from disrupting social order and social stability the lack of energy resources leads humans to inevitable death. Since the proliferating rabbits may eat available vegetation at a faster rate than it can naturally be regenerated, the rabbits may actually reduce their environment’s rabbit-carrying capacity; [†¦] the rabbit population will rapidly crash – that is, the rabbits will die off† (Heinberg 2005, p. 19). Even the threat of death cannot serve an argument convincing enough to change our attitudes toward energy. Heinberg (2005) shows that changing our approaches to energy consumption is the matter of life vs. e ath, but we tend to believe that the most serious energy troubles will leave us intact. Moreover, we are not always prepared to look further into the future and to evaluate the long-term impacts of the current energy crisis. As humans, we always seek to establish our rules of the game and to gain and preserve control over the most important natural resources. However, as â€Å"energy supplies are not always limited; there is no free ride; and in the long run, it is in every species’ interest to use energy frugally† (Heinberg 2005, p. 0), our unreasonable energy consumption will lead us to losing control over the resources, and as a result, our lives. As soon as energy comes to an end, we will no longer be able to prove our dominance in the natural hierarchy of species and will be doomed to surrender to the dominant forces of nature. This is one more reason which Heinberg (2005) tries to explain in his book, and if the need to save energy does not seem persuasive, applying for power, omnipotence and natural human dominance is expected to change human beliefs about energy. Does that mean that we are at the edge of the new energy crisis? Does that mean we cannot do anything to improve the situation? Moreover, does that mean that the energy party is over? It depends on how we tend to interpret the meaning of Heinberg’s (2005) â€Å"Party†. If â€Å"party† implies the age of unreasonable energy consumption, then humanity does not have other choice but to recognize that it has finally come to an end. If â€Å"party† is associated with energy in general and energy use in particular, we have not yet lost our chance to expand our survival opportunities. Personally, we can contribute into the development of more reasonable behaviors by being more attentive toward the amounts of energy we use and lose daily. The use of renewable sources of energy may also provide humanity with a chance to preserve its natural dominant position. For example, developing the means to capture usable energy from sunlight can satisfy prodigious energy appetites of industrial societies (Heinberg 2005, p. 156). The age of cheap oil and related sources of energy has gone forever, and even if the oil price falls, we will not be able to replenish what we have lost during the last century. Changing the structure of energy sources, however, will be meaningless without changing human mentality. As a result, whether we succeed to improve our wellbeing and our chances to survive, will depend on how well we work to restructure our personal attitudes toward energy, as far as all social changes begin at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Conclusion. Energy means life, and if we want to survive the current energy crisis, we must also realize that the age of cheap oil has come to an end. Developing reasonable attitudes toward energy consumption is necessary to satisfy the growing needs of industrial societies. Renewable sources of energy could help us maintain social stability, but promoting energy changes is impossible without changing human mentality. As a result, whether we are able to develop effective energy strategies will depend on how we change our individual attitudes toward the principles of consuming and saving energy. How to cite The Party’s Over by Richard Heinberg, Papers

Toyota Company Analysis free essay sample

Toyota Motor Company has been a strong competitor in the global automobile market since its inception in 1937. Today Toyota has become a globally recognized brand and has won the coveted spot as the worlds top selling auto manufacturer, with 17% total market share. Despite many challenges Toyota has remained relatively financially stable consistent with the Samp;P 500 and continues to provide low cost high efficiency vehicles appealing to various demographics with the implementation of a high end luxury line (Lexus) as well as a line catering towards the younger market (Scion). Toyota Motor Company  prides itself on the successful implementation of a lean manufacturing system including a one of a kind just in time production system. The success of their inventory management and strong supply chain is apparent through their strong sales to inventory ratio and inventory turnover average between 10 to 15 days. Toyota has also exhibited consistently positive EVA rates which indicates high efficiency and value per capital. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Company Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although this practice has cut costs for the company, it has also affected sales in a negative light. In 2010 and 2011 when natural disasters hit the areas of their suppliers, Toyota did not have enough parts to complete necessary purchase orders and keep up with consumer demand. For this reason the sales figures from those years are lower than what they were anticipated to be. Despite  these challenges, investors should maintain confident in the efficiency of their invested capital in Toyota, represented by a continuously rising ROE in comparison to its competitors. Toyotas  dividend yield ratio is very attractive to investors as well with 1. 3% compared to the industry average of 1. 1% despite a significant drop in 2008. When looking at the auto industry, investors should take into consideration that Toyota remains competitive despite not receiving the government bailouts provided to the American manufacturers. Toyota features various threats specifically their slow pace in innovation and structure reform. Another notable area of concern is the diminishing market share of their high end line Lexus. Despite these threats Toyotas earning expansion is at an all time high. A focal point of consideration of many analysts and investors is the volatility of the Yen. When looking at Toyotas 1 year growth of -2. 6% which is heavily understated due to the volatility of the Yen, which has effected consumer behavior as well as purchasing power. With the value of the Yen becoming less powerful, Toyota has the opportunity to leverage this to their advantage through relationships with suppliers and improved export profitability. The future success of Toyota will depend on whether or not they are able to keep up with the fuel economy and safety features of other manufacturers. If they are able to do this effectively while also reducing costs using advantages from the diminishing value of the Yen the outlook for this company looks very positive for potential investors.

Social Pressure and Perception Essays

Social Pressure and Perception Essays Social Pressure and Perception Essay Social Pressure and Perception Essay Picture yourself in the following scenarios, youve answered an advert in the local paper to take part in an experiment for psychology purposes, you arrive along with others but not realising that you are the only true volunteer. You are all placed in a darkened room and the only thing you can see is a pin point of light which tends to move (The Autokinetic Effect). Then later your all asked how much the pin points of light moved and then compared the answers collected from the other volunteers (Stooges). As an individual you give your answer which is different from your group answer. Another experiment involves two cards, one contains a single vertical line and the other card contains three different lengths of vertical lines. The end result in both of these experiments shows how we conform to others. Im going to explain in two ways in depth how we Conform to others, the Self Concept and Obedience. At the end of this essay you will see that Ive noted how important it is that we meet the BPS ethical guidelines when experiments like these are done. Conformity In 1935 a Psychologist called Sherif wanted to show how people conformed to other peoples ideas, so he used an experiment called the Autokinetic Effect and this involved placing the subjects in a darkened room with a pin point of light which would eventually move about. Sherif asked the subjects to estimate how much the pin point of light moved and they all gave very different answers ranging from one to seven inches. Each subject tended to make the same sort of judgement whenever they were tested. For instance their answers for the next set of tests would be the same as the previous experiments. These were the results that Sherif got when the subjects were tested on their own. However when they were sat in a room all together they seemed to give the same answers as each other. The result in this experiment is Conformity. In 1951 a Social Psychologist called Solomon Asch invented an experiment to explore how pressure from one person could affect another persons perceptions. In total, one third of the subjects who were put in this situation went along with the clearly erroneous majority. Aschs experiment involved 4 lines, 3 of the lines were different lengths to the 1st line. These were shown to college students in groups of 8 to 10. He told them that he wanted to study the visual perception and that their task was to decide which of the lines matched the same as the 1st line. It was obvious to see what the correct answer was. Asch asked the students to give their answers aloud. Only 1 student in each group was the real subject. All the others were confederates who were instructed to give inaccurate answers on a number of trials. Asch made sure that the real subject was the next to the last person in each of these groups to provide their answer. This is because Asch wanted the subject to hear most of the confederate incorrect answers before giving his own. The question is would the subject go along with the crowd? Asch was amazed to find that most of the subjects conformed to the majority at least once and the rest of them conformed on more than 6 of the 12 trials. When confronted with a unanimous incorrect answer by the other group members, the mean subject conformed on 4 of the 12 trials. Asch was disturbed by these results: The tendency to conform in our society is so strong that reasonably intelligent and well-meaning young people are willing to call white black. This is a matter of concern. It raises questions about our ways of education and about the values that guide our conduct. Theories of the self  When we are born into this world we do not know anything. We are unable to do things for ourselves and do not understand anything. As we grow and develop our self into the unique human we are today we see ourselves through others.  Charles Horton Cooley proposed the theory Looking Glass Self the process of developing a self-image on the basis of the messages we get from others, as we understand them. There are three components to the looking glass self: 1. We imagine how we appear to others.  2. We imagine what their judgement of that appearance must be.  3. We develop some self-feeling such as pride or mortification, as a result of our imagining others judgement.  4.  Charles Cooley basically tells us that we use others as a mirror and that is how we think others see us.  In 1969 Michael Argyle described four main factors that affect the way an individuals self concept develops and is maintained in day to day living. These factors are:  1. Other peoples reactions for instance if we are talking to another person and they seem to look at something else or seem to be in another place we feel that we are dull and boring the other person or dont seem interesting enough for the other person to want to pay full attention. 2. Comparisons with other people and how we should look to fit in, to be accepted by others. How we look in comparison to the next person for instance within a group/gang we would always want to be the better person within the group/gang.  3. Roles, Everybody has different sets of roles that they play in their life, for example: as a parent, as a neighbour, as a wife/husband etc. Each set of roles come with different types of behaviour. 4. Identification with others. Self-identity originally comes into existence through identification with others. Being part of a family, group, community or a culture is a primary psychological motivation based on the primacy for attachment, relatedness, emotional involvement with others, and the desire for acceptance and love. Through the process of identification with others the rudiments of the self are constituted through the internalization of others who possess the psychological characteristics of similarity.

Amazon Marketing Services 20 Creative Unique Ways to Use AMS Ads

Amazon Marketing Services 20 Creative Unique Ways to Use AMS Ads Amazon Marketing Services: 20 Creative Unique Ways to Use AMS Ads â€Å"AMS Ads are dead, said the not-so-savvy self-published author.Don’t believe this lie. AMS Ads, or Amazon Marketing Services ads, are stronger than ever, and whether we like it or not they are here to stay. As a matter of fact, Amazon just rolled out a brand-new, improved UI for AMS; they have added new features, and are constantly creating training material to help authors better understand the platform.Would they do that if AMS were on the way out? Not likely.Sure, not every book is a good fit for Amazon ads: that’s why many Amazon published authors grow bitter and blame the platform for not being able to sell a book that would not be marketable anyways.Don’t be discouraged. Now is the time to jump onto the AMS wagon if you want to actually get paid to write. Those who don’t read the Self-Publishing School Blog and believe that Amazon advertising is dying will gradually move away from it, making the space less crowded and much more profitable for all of us. Here are our tips for using Amazon marketing services effectively:Target famous authors with Amazon marketing servicesTarget Amazon published booksTarget books featured on BookBubTarget books that are recent moviesTarget paperback booksTarget audiobooks with Amazon Marketing ServicesThink about Amazon ads for your book seriesGrow your email listAdvertise your backlistUse The Greatest Hits methodThe Amazon Ad puzzleThe Ad stackerPre-populate with pre-ordersUse AMS for reviewsUse Amazons Bid+ systemUse negative keywordsTarget your own bookStay put, don’t give up. When others zig, just zag 🙂What is Amazon Marketing Services?Amazon marketing services (AMS), now called Advertising Console is a collection of effective tools to help vendors drive traffic to their products and sell more.For authors, this means AMS is a hub for increasing low book sales and maintaining a steady income with their books.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about how to build a platform and maintain consistent book sales in our Sell More Books Program. Learn more about it hereAmazon Marketing Services for Authors Made EasyI get it, click bids have gotten more expensive, finding profitable keywords is more difficult and winning is harder than ever. But this is only a byproduct of the space getting more crowded. However, let me assure you: those CPC prices are nowhere near what our friends in the physical product markets are paying. Strange as it may seem, AMS is still a happy place for authors. The key is to get more creative, thinking out of the box. Find new ways of using AMS, test and tweak, and you’ll be way ahead of the (still relatively small) competition. How? Here are 20 ways in which you can use Amazon Marketing Services Ads for your book marketing ventures. Each tactic is coupled with a brief explanation of how to implement it in a practical way. Enjoy the list and remember: now is the time for Amazon advertising!#1 Targe t a famous author in your genreYoull do this in order to try to get into his or her also-boughts. You know, the little section in this screenshot that shows you what other people who bought an item havealso bought↓It’s no secret that ‘also-boughts’ are the main source Amazon uses when they recommend new books to readers. And if your book is in one of your competitor’s ‘also-boughts’, then there’s a good chance it will get shown, recommended and ‘pushed’ to the exact audience you’re after. Happy days. Try bidding heavily on one of your competitors as a target so that your book shows up everywhere on their book’s page and ‘steals the show’ in your reader’s eyes.#2 Target books published by AmazonAmazon has various imprints through which it publishes books, the most famous being Thomas Mercer. Targeting authors and books by these subsidiary companies is a great idea. Amazon (and their algorithm) love when people buy their stuff, which they continuously promote left and right. Try to get your book next to one of Amazon’s own babies, and you’ll be a happy writer indeed. #3 Target books that are featured on BookBubOnce a book is featured in BookBub’s daily email (aka their ‘Featured Deals’), it’s likely to get thousands of downloads and a load of traffic on all the retailers. Which of course means more eyeballs on the said book. By keeping an eye on the books that appear daily on BookBub’s email blast and targeting them with your Amazon ads, you’ll be the first to place your book next to the day’s hottest title, thus piggybacking on its visibility and hopefully sales.#4 Target books that have recently been turned into moviesA hot new release (just as explained in point 3) is always going to garner bigger attention, at least for a few days. Keep an eye on new movie releases in your genre, especially b ig blockbuster films that have been inspired by bestselling books. Again, the trick here is to target those hot new titles so that your book shows next to them, thus collecting some love from all those hungry readers.#5 Use Product Display Ads to target paperbacksAmazons Product Display ads give you a unique chance to specifically target paperback versions of your competitor’s titles (unlike Sponsored Product ads). The first benefit of doing thisis that you’ll undoubtedly broaden the reach of your ads. But most important perk is that you’ll also likely increase the sales of your own paperback copies.As it were, ‘physical book lovers’ have a preference for physical books, which are more expensive and thus will likely result in higher royalties for you to pocket!#6 Use Product Display Amazon Ads to target audiobooksSee point 5 above, but this time use PD ads to target audiobooks! Don’t have an audiobook version of your title? You’re de finitely missing out on one of the hottest and fastest-growing trends in the indie publishing industry. You can find a step-by-step guide on creating an audiobook right here.#7 Lose money on the first book in your seriesYour first in series is likely to be free on Amazon(or at least it should be). But don’t fret, pure ROI seekers! Sure, by going a bit ‘heavier’ on Amazon ads pointing to that book, you’ll likely lose money. But you’ll make it back when readers go on to purchase book 2, 3, 4, etc. in your series. Make sure you have a good idea of how to calculate your audience’s ‘read-through rates’, and adjust your CPC bid and daily budget accordingly.#8 Lose money (again) to grow your email listBe sure to display an opt-in form in the free book you’re running ads on (pro tip: also place it in the first pages of the book, so that readers don’t have to ‘wait’ until they’ve read the whole thing be fore parting with their email address). This will inevitably result in more signups to your email list. Again, this isn’t stellar for pure ROI, and you might be losing money now, but in the long term, this will be super-beneficial.#9 Advertise Your BacklistDon’t put all your eggs in one basket (aka, don’t point all your ads and spend all your budget on one book). Running Amazon ads for other titles in your backlist is always beneficial in keeping the books ‘sticky’ in the rankings, often also providing a load of read-throughs to the other titles in the same series (see point 7).#10 The Greatest Hits methodStart your ads by bidding low-ish on keywords and competing authors/book-titles. Once you have a good idea of what is actually performing well, take those successful phrases and compile them in a ‘Greatest Hits’ ad, with higher CPC bids and daily budget.#11 The Amazon Ad PuzzleTry using your own book as a target keyword, but this ti me to advertise your higher-priced titles or box sets. The ‘Sponsored’ results on the latter’s book page will likely populate with all your other titles, just like the pieces of a puzzle. If a reader lands on your one book and sees your other stuff in the Amazon ads, they might buy a higher-priced title in your collection (and go on to become an aficionado fan of yours)!#12 The Ad StackerDon’t limit yourself to Amazon Marketing Services ads. Ad ‘stacking’ is often the best way to get a gazillion eyeballs on a new release (especially if you’re aiming at hitting bestsellers’ lists when running a hard launch). Try your hands at BookBub ads, Facebook Ads, and others. You don’t need to spend thousands on them: a small budget will be more than enough to Discover where your readers are hanging out, so that you can place your books right under their eyes.#13 Pre-populate with pre-orders!Start running AMS ads well in advance, eve n when your book is still in the pre-order phase. If you get your targeting right, this will help add your book to the ‘also-boughts’ of other books in your genre, thus igniting the sacred ‘recommendation loop’ from Amazon.You can do this one week to a few months in advance. The bigger your author platform is, the longer you can get away with putting your book up for pre-order before the actual publication date.Plus, people will be exposed to your book, will pre-order it, and when the book is live, the instant truckload of downloads will shoot it into the stratosphere!#14 Use AMS for reviewsSpend a bit more on AMS during a free promo you have scheduled. This might sound counterintuitive when it comes to pure ROI, but you’ll be amazed at the number of downloads you’ll get. Be sure to add a ‘call for reviews’ to the end of your book. Some readers won’t, but many will actually leave an honest (and verified) review.#15 Bid+Wi th their recent ‘upgrade’ of the Amazon Marketing Services platform, Amazon has given authors the chance to use their ‘Bid+’ system (an old acquaintance of those using Vendor’s Accounts). This new feature basically lets Amazon know you’re willing to spend up to 50% more on CPC for the terms that are performing well.Its really simple to use, as you can see in the example below so dont be afraid to use this! Think about it: if Amazon has given us this new tool, why not take advantage of it? You definitely won’t go broke (the daily budget still being the highest cap on spend): rather, you’ll likely outbid all of your competitors on your most prized keywords and phrases!#16 Use negative keywordsAs you surely know by now, hyper-relevant laser-focused targeting is the name of the game with AMS, but sometimes, this is much easier said than done. Have an epic fantasy novel that appeals to teens, but that YA readers would absolutely hate ? Don’t risk getting one-star reviews by unsatisfied vampire-hungry audiences. Another new feature that Amazon has just implemented into their new AMS platform is the ‘negative keywords’ field. Use it wisely to list all of the keywords you absolutely DO NOT want to associate your ads to through Amazon Marketing Services. The sniper approach has never been easier.#17 Target your own bookWhy on earth would you want to spend money targeting your own book? After all, it already shows up ‘organically’ in the search results for your key terms, no? Well, not exactly. Amazon is putting a lot of emphasis on advertising (another reason why you should use AMS ads), so it sometimes favors paid results over organic something other platforms (e.g. Facebook) have been doing for a while now. Crazy, right? Try punching one of your keywords in the search box and see if your book appears. It doesn’t?Then you might want to give it a nice little push with a coup le super-targeted ads. Bonus: 3 more advanced Amazon Marketing Services tacticsIf yourereally ready to make some money, you can try to tackle some of these more advanced Amazon Marketing Services methods to increase your book sales.These might be tricky for you at first, butwith enough practice, theyll prove to be more than effective.#18 Use a Vendors Account (part 1)An Amazon Vendor’s Express account will let you advertise your ebooks, but also audiobooks or paperbacks. Use this incredibly powerful tool to advertise your physical or audio copies on relevant pages by your target authors. As seen above (point 5), this will often result in sales of your own audios and paperbacks, yielding a lot more royalties!#19 Use a Vendor’s Account (part 2)A Vendor’s Express account through Amazon Marketing Services will also let you advertise titles that you didn’t publish yourself. Why would you want to do that, you say? For multi-author box sets you’re a par t of, for example! This will bring more eyeballs to your stuff and†¦ don’t forget to include an email-optin in your portion of the text!#20 Use a Vendor’s Account (part 3)As seen above, why not use a Vendor’s Account to also promote a traditionally-published book you wrote before going indie? Your publisher will likely not be using AMS, so show them who the savvy author is and get some sales rolling!Hope you enjoyed some of these tactics for Amazon Marketing Services ads. As I mentioned in the introduction to this post, don’t listen to those who want to attract you to the ‘next best thing’.Think out of the box, test, test, and test again. And you will succeed!Ready to Sell More Books?Your books sales can mean the difference between helping a few and helping the many.We have exactly what you need to sell more books- and change more lives.

Roman Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Roman Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Roman Fashion" discovers the fashion history in Rome. Due to lifestyle developments, individuals and societies have learned to use their clothing, with the aid of other decorations, as a form of nonverbal expression of their personality, occupation, status, and affiliation. Fashion refers to the way of carrying and styling these clothing with accessories, hairstyle, adornment and body art. Fashion does not merely converse individual identity in such a way that it instantly let other people see and understand a person, as it may speak of plain sophistication or even a personal rage, moreover, it demonstrate a social perception. This is greatly evident in the way fat women were once considered beautiful whereas current fashion trend have somehow made a vast promotion of diet, exercise and even surgery with its picture of beauty as being slim. A person can be identified to a certain tribe, organization or field of work by merely looking at his/her wardrobe. Attires may explai n a person’s role, may she be a housewife or a company manager. It can be a mode of displaying once wealth as well as poverty. As Thorstein Veblen, an economist of the book The Theory of the Leisure Class, has wrote â€Å"†¦our apparel is always in evidence and affords an indication of our pecuniary standing to all observers at first glance... â€Å". With its vast influence, stating all its implications would be a tedious job, if not impossible. Fashion has become so powerful that it can imply almost anything related to human. Costume and fashion, collectively, refers to manner and style of clothing. It is considered an art that decodes personality or culture at any particular time. With pictorial arts, costumes and fashion have revealed much of the history. It had managed to explain social transformation from the very remote past to the most current civilization. CHAPTER 1 ROMAN CLASSIC "From the Hellenistic Era to present day, fashion fads and statements evolved from similar backgrounds to make styles that seem new, but are really just "doctored-up" versions that can be traced back to the times of ancient Rome" (R.W.) Roman people have applied their creativity in every aspect of their lives including manner of clothing. Their garments were simple as it were basically made of wool with minimal use of stitch. Variations have eventually existed due to social status. Safety pins and knots give various shapes to their garments and undergarments; hence they have to designate a different name for each particular design. Toga was once the basic Roman garment for both men and women (Figure 1). Eventually women's clothing has to be made distinct. Similar to Greek himation, though much larger and more complicated in its draping. Toga's size and shape indicates social position. It is usually made of white wool and undecorated but had later been elaborated with gold embroidery during the late Empire. Tunica serves as their under garments for both men and women (Fig. 2). It resembles that of the reeks which were sleeveless. It is made of two wide cloths having sewn almost to the top leaving enough space for the armholes and neckline. It is fastened with pins or buttons and then held with a belt. Women's tunica are usual fuller and longer. As a symbol of decency and honor, married women wear stola (Fig. 2). Apart from its rectangular shape, it is a sleeveless tunic that resembles a toga which is a long wide cloth. It is a long garment that drapes around the body covering

Leadership and Motivation job requirements Assignment

Leadership and Motivation job requirements - Assignment Example Qualifications:1. Being the head of the internal auditing office for the last two years.2. Bachelor of Commerce.3. Certification as a lead auditor in the quality management system ISO 9001:2008 from the Canadian standard association.4. Member of the international register of certificated auditors (UK).5. Special training as a certified international auditor.6. Functioning as an accounts manager for more than 12 years; attained an experience in accounting, systems analysis, and management with the ability to make relationships between different K.I.Z.A. departments. This aids in initiating and executing the auditing plan with efficiency.Vision:1. Develop new methodologies to improve the auditing process, making it easier for the organization.2. Well certified and highly trained employees that have a certification in accounting or auditing.3. The office in the future will be :i. Advisory for director general, a board of trustees, and other divisions. ii. Training section. iii. Revenue center.4. Full Automation of the auditing operation.5. Fully automated communication with other departments.6. Direct accesses to all committees related to K.I.Z.A. procedures.7. Evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of systems of accounts and internal control operating within the Institute to make sure of objectives are effectively and efficiently achieved. 8. Place evaluation systems in place to ensure compliance with Institute policies, plans, and procedures as stipulated in laws and procedures issued by concerned government financial control.

The Role of Career Planning and Development

The Role of Career Planning and Development This report deals with the importance of career planning and development, and why it has attracted so much attention in the contemporary workplace. Also it will address the advantages of career planning and development and look at how an effective career planning and development strategy can be brought about and what factors should be included in such an action plan.Contents INTRODUCTION The times, they are changing Bob Dylan The Changing face of the world and Business From time to time human civilization faced major life-style changes due to either disasters or developments. Starting from the period of Renaissance (from 14th to 17th century) till now, human society boasts of continuous social and technological development that had resulted in tremendous alterations of life-style, and perceptions. The pace of change that started during the renaissance had continued till now causing the mammoth boom which we now call the 21st century or the days of the computer. In this new world, the concept of the Business Organization holds the most prominent place. All life can be said revolves around it. The concept of the Corporation has today arisen to the prominent social institution equaling its impact upon the people just as the religious institution. The belief system of society is constantly being amended to suit the interests of the organization. How ethical it is to bestow such power to the business organizations over people remains a hot topic of debate. The current global atmosphere has ironically made life easier as well as difficult. Although new products have reduced the level of physical labor, it has besides amplified the levels of emotional labor hence, the current rampant complain of stress and depression throughout the world. In a society where the corporation is prominent it is inescapable to avoid it. Today man might be able to avoid the religious institution, but not the corporation. The enterprise is seen as a hot spot of talent based action which offers opportunities to employees to walk along the career ladder and get into the top of it and achieve career goals and plans. Thus, the trend now is to focus all energies to achieve career goals. This ultimately results in people spending more time in the organization rather than at home. A good portion of the waking hours of mankind is now spent in the organization. Enter Career Planning With such a complex world picture hanging in the background it is crucial to understand the importance of Career Planning and Development. As mentioned earlier, the demand for work has gone beyond the nine-to-five framework. If employees are to survive and protect their jobs, constant career planning and development is vital. Today high-performance may not guarantee job security and employees especially in large organizations face enormous challenges. Now, life long careers are a thing of the past. Some naÃÆ'Â ¯ve employees still feel that they are immune to ongoing reductions because theyre doing good work and adding value to the organization (Stone, 2008). This nature of shifting jobs across companies, functions and industries is called Boundary-less Careers. The vulnerability to career stagnation is what makes career planning so much important for todays employees. It is necessary for promotions, but most importantly for survival. Hence, it cannot be ignored by any right-thinki ng employee. The future seems no longer guaranteed for even high-performing employees according to management guru Charles Handy (cited in Stone, 2008, p. 390). This is due to todays ever-changing work environment. Organizations, as large and monolithic as they may seem also tends to be more flexible and fast paced. In such a scenario, adoptability will come in handy. Therefore the need for intelligent career planning and development cannot be overstated. This will in turn help the employee as well as the organization itself. The employee of the modern era The frontiers of management thinking have placed the modern day employee as both the master as well as the slave. There seems to be a thin line between the choices of survival and death in the workplace. This fine line comprises of bundles of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. But these competencies only will not suffice for survival unless they are methodically planned and carried out by both the employee and employer. This methodical plan or survival-kit is what career planning is. The employee of the modern era will have to be multi-skilled, but should NOT take it for grant. He or she should be ready to switch industries, companies, or functions. As Dual Careers become widespread the family circle tends to become smaller and smaller. The current employee is demanded for more and more working time and he or she has to inevitably put work above family resulting in work-family conflict. According to Coyle (cited in Stone, 2008, p. 405), families are a problem for companies. These are just some of the challenges the modern day employee will have to face in a rapidly changing business-socio-political environment. Therefore, a sound understanding of the need to plan their career ahead and stick to it (being flexible when necessary and adopting accordingly) is so vital. The thoroughness of planning the career will only promise future security in todays organizations. In the middle of downsizing and mergers acquisitions, the modern employee will be squeezed in to protect his or her job. This report will focus on the importance of career planning and development and analyze the reasons on why it has received so much attention in the contemporary workplace as well as the advantage of developing effective career plans for both employees and organizations. PART 1 Career Planning Development Definitions; importance; causes; advantages; the role of Human resource Management Career Planning Development An overrated idea? From time to time as mentioned in the introduction, when human society faces massive changes in life-style, inevitably new social discourses tend to surface. Social discourses such as, Global Warming Globalization and Nuclear experiments are a few recently sprung up ones to name. But since recently a new social discourse has begun to spring up concerning the workplace and employees. It is Career Planning Development. This new social talk began to emerge as a result of the continuous complexity business is shaping into, making it hard for many employees to cope up with the pace of change. Hence, the subject of career planning and development has received wide attention in both theory and practice of management. This is not an overrated idea since it is quite visible in front of the eyes that employee turnover is rapidly rising, job switching is increasing, and part-time jobs are becoming more sought after. Employee turnover is much more costly than you might think. In fact, research shows that up to 80% of turnover costs are hidden. Because of these virtually invisible costs, most managers usually do not track turnover or are not alarmed by high turnover rates (Farrell, 2010). An increased turnover rate ultimately suggests that employees do not remain in one organization for a long period. This may be principally because most organizations as well as employees do not engage in methodical career planning. Employees who would think that this is an overrated idea, and thus fail to plan the career ahead will ultimately suffer from Career Plateaus or become victims of downsizing, acquisitions, and other forms of corporate action. Therefore, it is very important to plan ones career ahead. Let us begin with what career planning development is by examining two of its definitions and then its scope. What Career Planning Development is Definition In HRM theory, it is defined as follows Giving employees assistance to develop realistic career goals and the opportunities to realize them (Stone, 2008) It will be beneficial if we also look at other definitions of the key terms. The Dictionary of Human Resources and Personnel Management defines these key terms as follows Career Planning: the examination of the way in which career opportunities are available, leading to advice on which careers to pursue or how to further an employees existing career Career Development: planning of an employees future career in an organization If at all possible, career planning should be viewed as two fold. Career Planning Development The Employee (Planning) The Organization (Development) As shown in both the above definitions, there are two inherent parts to the phrase Career Planning and Development. This twofold definition entails the two parties that involve in the practice of career planning development. In a nutshell, planning concerns the employee, and development concerns the organization. For the successful completion of a career planning action, therefore, both the parties are responsible. Career Planning which concerns the Employee As mentioned above career planning is of utmost importance to the employee given the current nature of global business. Engaging in career planning gives the person a deep understanding on what his or her life and work goals are and what has to be done in order to achieve them. Todays corporate employee cannot afford to just float around within the organization doing a mundanely satisfactory job. The well-defined career ladders are a thing of the past. Why is it necessary to plan ones career ahead? Chiefly, the reason is because skills become obsolete. The skill that was required two years ago may not necessarily be of need in the present. Most of the times, technology and new structures replace positions and employees. This results in skills obsolescence. Thus, the necessity for employees to build skills is stressed. Also, even though one might be a highly effective and high potential employee it doesnt guarantee one total job security (Dessler, 2005). This leaves the employee in an unstable state of affairs, finally resulting in dissatisfaction and corporate deviance. Even high potential employees need to be trained and given a right direction to pursue; a direction that promises future fulfillment and opportunities. In building skills as a part of career planning, a logical question would be What skills am I to develop? This question will be answered during the process of planning. It is the responsibility of the organization to create opportunities to match employee goals and to clearly point out what skills will be promising in an ever-changing job market. Some other questions an employee may have to ask oneself as part of career planning: What is important to me? How ready am I to work hard? Do I want to remain in this industry? How marketable will my skills be in five years time? Where do I want to go? What do I need to get there? From: Managing Human Resources, by Raymond J. Stone Career Development which concerns the Organization Just as it is important to individual employees, career development is of increasing importance to the organization as well. Chiefly, as mentioned above (Farrell, 2010) there is a great amount of cost that organizations accrue due to employee turnover. Career development concerns the organization in many other ways too. This, which is centered on training employees will increase skills, and thereby make possible their goals are achieved. Along with the training the organization should create opportunities aligning the new skills of the employees. Fisher, Schoenfeldt, and Shaw (2006) say, Training can help an organization succeed in a number of ways. Ultimately, it is employee knowledge that produces the organizations product or service. An organization that can produce more qualified employees in less time will have a competitive advantage. Although the above statement emphasizes more on training, training is a part of career development which is designed to align skills with career opportunities. Therefore, as mentioned above, we can discern that career development will ultimately result in skills aligning with jobs, thus, giving the organization a competitive advantage. Snell, Bohlander (2007) states, research shows that an organizations revenues and overall profitability are positively correlated to the amount of training it gives its employees. Also, as a byproduct, an increased level of motivation will enable employees to be more productive (effectiveness efficiency). The Strategic need for career development Linking employers strategy with the needs of the employee is the key aspect of career planning and development. Strategically an organization should decide on what positions are required to achieve organizational goals. Once the positions are filled, necessary arrangements should be made to offer opportunities for career development. Dessler (2008) says, employment planning should flow from the firms strategic plans. The process of deciding what positions to fill and how to fill them is what development is all about. And when doing so, what new career opportunities are to be offered and the methods of achieving them has to be clearly communicated to every employee (EEO). Forecasting personnel needs, as a part of career development can be done through trend-analysis and ratio-analysis (Dessler, 2008). The study of the firms past employment needs and by using ratios between two variables (such as sales volume and the number of staff to achieve that) can help decide properly the extent to which the firm has to develop careers; to what extent employees may reach their desired goals. Finally, career development as a concern for the organization must be strategically aligned since employee planning should necessarily be within the parameters of organizational direction. Now, let us look at some general advantages that Career Planning and Development offers both the employee and the organization. Table: Advantages of Career Planning and development For the Employee For the Organization Gives a sense of purpose and hope about the future Reduces employee turnover and recruitment costs Gives opportunities to prosper Employee retention Increases level of skill Enable internal promotions Job security Increase organizational commitment Increases employability Competitive advantage As the above table identifies, there are many benefits of career planning development that aims at both the employee and the organization. Although at first the firm may perceive hardships (financially and otherwise) on career development, eventually the efforts will prove to be fruitful. The Role of Human Resources when it comes to Career Planning The function of HRM when it comes to career planning and development has the enormous task or burden of activating the process. Clearly it is a function of the HRM department to involve in realizing the career planning and development process. In doing so, the HR department aligns its own objectives to the process as well as the entire objectives of the organization. Combining Ulrichs Model of HRM roles to Career Planning and Development The model which was presented by Ulrich suggested four key roles of the HR manager. These four roles can be incorporated with career planning and development. It is as follows: Strategic Partner: by involving in career planning and development the HR manager fulfills the responsibility of strategic partner by aligning company objectives with employee goals and thereby creating an environment in which employees can develop and rise within the organization. This strategic move will enable the firm to fulfill its requirement of a talented pool of workforce. This will eventually contribute to the long-term objectives of the firm. This will fulfill the role as strategic partner. Administrative Expert: the long-term efficiency which will be instilled within the organization due to successful career planning and development will eventually play the role of Administrative Expert. As an administrative expert, HR will create value by placing right people at the right place. The value HR generates by developing jobs will be indispensible for the entire organization. Employee Champion: this is the role which requires the HR manager to be the employees voice in management decisions. The HR manager must be able to relate to and meet the needs of employees (Stone, 2008). What career planning and development does is EXACTLY relating to employees needs. The HR manager goes a step further and relates to the needs of the organization as well, aligning them both together to effect major change. HR also makes an effort to make champions out of employees, and thereby strengthening organizational commitment. Change Agent: the catalyst for change is brought about by the HR manager when he or she affects a whole plan of change within the organization which is career planning and development. Thereby proves, that HRM is a more AFFECTIVE function within the organization that can affect positive change benefitting the long-term objectives. The above description showed how Career Planning Development can be seen in the light of Ulrichs model of 4 Roles for HR managers. To put in a nutshell, Career Planning and Development is one of the major activities of the HR department of an organization. The first part of this essay dealt with the importance of career planning and development, and why it has attracted so much attention in the contemporary workplace. Also the advantages of career planning and development was said to concern both the employee and the organization. Now, we shall look at how an effective career planning and development strategy can be brought about and what factors should be included in such an action plan. Following are my suggestions. PART II Building a Successful Career Planning Development Strategy In building and implementing a successful Career Planning and Development Strategy, an organization may have to ponder over the importance of such a plan as mentioned earlier. It will benefit the organization in many ways as previously stated (Snell, Bohlander, 2007) correlating with revenue and profitability. Heading to the future Company Goals Employee Needs This simple diagram distills everything that was described earlier. It shows that in order to implement a successful development plan, the objectives of the two involved parties must be aligned; thereby reach a common goal in the long-run. Assessing Company goals (with regard to the employ development plan): As a first step, it is extremely necessary for the firm to assess its long-term and short-term employee need. In doing so, the following questions could be asked: What are the long term objectives of the firm? How important are employees to the firm? To which extent does the firm ready to compromise in order to make employees satisfied? Does the firm believe the advantages in having a work-friendly environment? Assessing Employee Needs: Through thorough communication (also with the help of questionnaires) the firm should then asses the needs of the employees with regard to their occupation. Some of the questions that could be asked may include What are your long term career goals? What is your current level of skill? How ready and willing are you to work hard in order to learn new skills? Do you feel your skill may be threatened by skills obsolescence? Do you believe in organizational commitment? Aligning organizational and employ needs Depending on the industry the firm is operating in, and also considering the financial implications, the firm has to then design a lucrative job opportunity system within the firm. In this system, bureaucracyÂÂ  must be held at a minimum while EEO and Affirmative Action should be enhanced. A clear path should be shown to every employee regardless of gender, race, etc. Also it must be communicated to the employee on how the overall plan supports the entire system how every part of the planning and development strategy aligns with company and individual objectives. Encourage Communication within the Organization In order to make employees open up and express their needs, the top management has to make sure that all communication barriers are set down. The need for open, honest communication cannot be overstated in making an employee development plan. Employees have to be equally treated (EEO) regardless of ethnicity, gender, etc. Once open communication reveals what workers expect, the job of the HR department becomes easier. This is a culture that has to be created and maintained. Effective cultures promote effective results. Corporate culture is an effective informal control mechanism (Dowling Welch, 2004). Training Employees This is an area that has won wide approval throughout organizations in all parts of the word. Training employees has now become one of the major costs of large organizations; a cost that is worth taking. The employee training session will last for a period of time and the necessary logistics have to be prepared in advance (location, materials, resource providers etc.) Some of the factors that need to be considered when training: Have in mind the main purpose of training Make sure the employ is trained as an individual; not a pawn of the company Give employees plenty of freedom But have in mind the need to align employee needs with organizational objectives Build honest, long-term trust with employees How will you measure effectiveness? Monitor progress Make use of psychometric tests (such as the BIG 5 TEST) 6. Dont make the career plan to complicated AÂÂ  careerÂÂ  plan that is over detailed and leaves no room or time to respond to changes in external or internal circumstances could become a problem (Career Planning 5 Critical Mistakes, 2010). Many organizations make the mistake of writing too fancy and vivid career plans which make no sense at all to the employee. Ultimately this results in not benefitting both the employee as well as the firm. An easy to follow plan should be written that will enable both parties to understand and workout with minimum amount of friction. Conclusion This report dealt with one of the major social discourses of modern times, which is career planning and development its importance, scope, and advantages. The subject of career planning has been the talk of current theory and practice of management. The attention it has attracted in current management thought proves the fact that unless employers and employees engage in methodical career planning both parties will not achieve maximum utilization of the human resource of the firm. Human beings, by nature can be trained and developed unlike other animals on earth. This fact has so been proved throughout history. The current instable state of affairs of the world does not seem to end in the near future. Global warming is rampant; threats of nuclear wars are mildly surfacing; the internet has made communication jump a massive leap within a couple of years. Modern city life seems like a challenge of overcoming competition, cut-throat business, monolithic corporations, media fabrication and news biases. The governments that promised to be of the people; by the people; for the people has turned out to become larger institutions of imperialism (although without colony). Now they have become the government of the corporation; by the corporation; for the corporation As the power of the corporation gains strength over human civilization, where consummation of goods and services are primary elements, the role of the employee has ironically become that of the master, as well as the slave. To avoid the bad repercussions of the current system the world has shaped into, the modern employee will have to be steadfast in accumulating the needed competencies through proper, systematic, and methodical career planning and development. Even if the citizen changes his or her role for employee to entrepreneur the need for career planning and development will spring up. Organizations too, as mentioned earlier in the report, have many benefits from career development. As part-time working is becoming the trend, and dual careers appear, the current turnover rate of employees is in an increasing trend. So, in order to retain talent, increase organizational commitment, promote corporate-citizenship-behavior, it is crucial for an organization to build and develop careers as a strategic move to survive. With the employer-employee collaboration only will the problem of uncertainty be overcome. That employer-employee collaboration is what Career Planning Development addresses at. End.