Analysis Of The Poem I Am Not A Child ! Essay

She brought her mouth from the water once again and spoke to him, her voice slightly softer than before. â€Å"I live here.† Thomas glanced around, confused by her statement. â€Å"You live here?† he asked. â€Å"That’s impossible. I’ve lived by this beach my entire life and I have never seen you once. You certainly do not go to my school and besides, my house is the only one so close to the beach. You can’t possibly live around here.† â€Å"But I do,† she said back to him, raising her voice. â€Å"and I do not go to school.† â€Å"That’s ridiculous!† Replied Thomas. â€Å"What kind of child does not go to school?† At this, the girl frowned and rose from water more than Thomas had seen before and she shouted: â€Å"I am not a child!† Thomas could not help but to chuckle. Even when filled with anger, her voice was lovely and caused his head to spin and his heart to beat a bit faster. â€Å"If you are not a child, then just how old are you?† he asked, sitting back down on the dock; his eyes locked onto the girl who appeared to be no older than himself. The girl looked down, deep in thought. â€Å"I don’t remember.† She said. â€Å"you don’t remember?† â€Å"You lose track after a couple of centuries. Especially when you spend all of them alone.† She said this as she continued to avoid eye contact. The pieces had begun to fall into place. Thomas knew exactly what she was now. He peered over the edge of the dock and down into the water. Kicking beneath her were two long legs. Much longer than one would see on any normal human. ThereShow MoreRelatedJudith Wright Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironmentalist and social activist. This plays a major role in her various collections of poems, where she explores both national and personal concerns. 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Explain why women failed to gain the right to vote between 1900 and 1914 Free Essays

At the beginning of the twentieth century British women were seen as second-class citizens. This started to change in 1900, as women desired the right to vote and they were prepared to do anything it required to obtain it. Their goal was prolonged because of the many hurdles along the way and they didn’t get the vote for many years. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain why women failed to gain the right to vote between 1900 and 1914? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of the hurdles they faced were cultural. It was believed that women couldn’t have their own views; they would only do as their husbands told them. Most people thought that women couldn’t make political decisions as they weren’t intelligent enough and they shouldn’t because politics was ‘a man’s game’. Another cultural barrier was the roles women played in the society. One on hand, due to poor education and limited opportunities working-class women had low status, low paid jobs. They had long working hours and didn’t have sufficient time to get involved in the struggle for the vote. On the other hand, most middle and upper-class women felt that their duty was at home, and didn’t want to get implicated. A reason why women didn’t get the vote was ‘their own fault’. The women who wanted the vote were united in their aim but divided in approach. The main women’s society groups had very different methods of getting what they wanted. Most people thought that if the women couldn’t agree then perhaps they didn’t deserve the vote. The Suffragists were a peaceful group who believed that protests should be carried out without violence. They thought that the vote would come in due time, after all New Zealand had already given the vote to women who had used their techniques. The second group, the Women’s Freedom League accepted breaking the law as long as protests didn’t become violent. A protest they organised was refusing to participate in a census. The final group, the Suffragettes, believed in law breaking and violent protests. An infamous protest they organised was when all members produced bricks and hammers from their handbags and broke windows in Oxford Street. It is often said that the Suffragettes were a main obstacle in getting the vote as the government refused to be perceived as succumbing to violence. Many other hurdles in the path of success were the political situations. The conservative government came into power in 1900 and this was a major setback for the women’s suffrage movement. This government was steadfast in its conviction that women should never get the vote. 1906 saw the liberal government come into power as the conservatives became old-fashioned. The contemporary government was in favour of women getting the vote but was reluctant to make this possible in case upper-class women voted conservative. There were more pressing political issues to resolve than the issue of women’s suffrage. The arms race with Germany was at its peak from 1908-1911 and the government had to make sure that Britain stayed ahead. The state of affairs in Ireland was a main concern; Ireland was on the rink of civil war. The government was in the process of laying down the foundations of the welfare state, this included benefits like old age pensions and national insurance. The House of Lords could block any laws that it did not want, this needed to be changed before women’s vote bill was put through as the conservative majority would veto it. In the 1911 Parliament Act the House of Lord’s blocking power was stopped and they were permitted to delay laws by a maximum of two years. The House of Lords still managed to use the new law to their advantage and managed to delay the votes for women bill from 1912 to 1914. In conclusion, there were many factors preventing women from getting the vote whether political or cultural. The most influential factors were the political as they prolonged the struggle for the vote for many years. But even though the political reasons were the most important, no individual factor could have caused women to abstain from receiving the vote without the others. How to cite Explain why women failed to gain the right to vote between 1900 and 1914?, Papers Explain why women failed to gain the right to vote between 1900 and 1914 Free Essays Women was trying to get the vote many years before 1900. At this period of time women lived in a male dominated society. It was thought by the men that, women would vote for who their friends were voting for, and vote for irelivent issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain why women failed to gain the right to vote between 1900 and 1914 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many thought that women didn’t have a political mind to vote. Also many men thought there wasn’t enough women to vote to make a difference to the result. Rich men could influence the female family members into voting in the way of their opinion. They got more votes than normal people. The law had been changing slowly, in womens favour. The law kept changing, until women could own their own property. But only if the women where married. After 1900, there was a more active period of campaigning by the National Union of Women’s Sufferage Societies. These societies were created by Millicent Fawcett in 1887. Many women wanted action earlier than later, so the suffragette movement was born. Also with the formation of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) by Emmeline Pankhurst, and her two daughters Christabel and Sylvia. These women was not happy with the cautious approach that the National Union took. Women protests didn’t change anything. Some politics had changed in women’s favour, but this was nothing major. The protests never changed the goverments mind. As the goverment did nothing the suffergettes started using criminal acts as sign of protest. This started as petty as breaking windows, then got serious as arson and creating explosions. Herbert Asquith, the current prime minister at that time wasn’t a supporter of women getting the vote. He said that â€Å"I do not think you will bring this change about until you have satisfied the country that the majority of women are in favour of it†. His position made a difference as whatever he said went. To prevent a the law going through, he called a general election. So whatever the suffragettes did had go through the goverment again. The acts of the suffergettes were peaceful. Many of them being of criminal nature. Emily davison, being one of the most famous sufferegettes, by throwing herself under the king’s horse at the derby, in 1913. She died four days later. Many of the criminal acts were ploted at meetings through out the country. When some of the sufferegettes were sent to prison, they went on hunger strike. So they where able to be released from prison. Eventhough in some prisons many wome where subjected to torture, through force feeding. The women had no other ideas to get the vote. None of the acedemic writings had not worked for 150 years. This changed at the outbreak of world war one. Many women had to work, and they showed patratism for their country. These were dramatic changes in the attitudes and rights by 1918. How to cite Explain why women failed to gain the right to vote between 1900 and 1914, Papers

Describe theories relating to personality and how they affect sports performance. Evaluate critically, personality profiling in sport free essay sample

There are varying theories relating to personality, with each theory giving a different viewpoint on how personality affects sporting performance. One of these theories is the Trait Theory (Eysenck) which originally stated that there were only two personality types (introvert and extrovert) but over time realised that this limited the theory and introduced two more personality traits (stable and neurotic). Each one of these personality types has its own unique affect on a sports performance. An introvert for example is seen to be shy and tends to choose a solo sport, and this sport is likely to be one that contains small muscle movements such as darts. This personality trait would affect sporting performance if the performer was performing in a team game, the lack of confidence may put them off their game or they may not even get involved. Extroverts on the other hand tend to be confident and are most often found within team games, this trait can also lead to hot headedness and therefore deteriorate their performance in sport as they are no longer concentrated on the task at hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe theories relating to personality and how they affect sports performance. Evaluate critically, personality profiling in sport or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This can also be said when they have to partake in a sport that involves small muscle movements (as extroverts tend to sway towards the use of large muscle movements) if they’re unable to perform the task at hand they may become aggressive and thus their performance will decrease. One further trait Eysenck indentified was a stable performer; a stable performer tends to be more laid back and has an even temper. In a performance situation this could lead to either laziness or complacency, with their mind wandering off task. The final personality trait Eysenck identified is a neurotic performer; a neurotic performer tends to get anxious more easily then the other personality traits and is highly aroused during sport. This trait in a sporting performance can lead to aggression (due to the high level of arousal) and even poor performance if the anxiousness overwhelms the performer. An opposing theory is the Social learning theory (Bandura). The social learning theory states that all behavior is learned by way of environmental experiences and through the influence of other people (role models). This theory can lead to both positive and negative affects on a sports performance. For example a sports performer who watches a more experienced player may copy the approach taken by the more experienced player possibly leading to an eventual improvement in his or her own level of skill. This can also be spun on its head though, if a performer is watching (football for example) and witnesses a player successfully dive this might cause the performer to try and replicate this negative action leading to a decline in performance. One final theory relating to personality is the interactionist theory; this theory states that personality has three levels that interact to form an individual’s personality and is based on the work of Hollander (1967). This theory describes how a person’s typical responses change according to varying environmental situations, therefore meaning behaviour becomes unpredictable. This theory also explains why a performers personality can change depending on the situation they’re placed in. When combined with Eysenck’s trait theory this becomes easier to explain how personality affects sports performance. An example of this would be that a person in day to day life could be seen as introverted, but when they partake in sport their traits can change and they can become and extrovert based on the situation they are place in e. g. a football match. This personality change can also have a negative affect upon a sporting performance; if the personality change is the ‘wrong’ type of change (say the performer becomes very aggressive very quickly) then their performance can vary wildly leading to inconsistency. Personality profiling in sport can have benefits in finding the correct sportsman/woman to fit a sport leading to them possibly excelling in said sport. For example if (after taking Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire-EPQ) it gave you a specific sport that you would excel in due to you having the correct personality traits it could lead to you having both a passion for the sport and then in tern performing very well in the sport possibly leading you to the elite standard. On the other hand though, the EPQ may lead to a performer not trying other sports as they have been told their personality doesn’t match the sport. As the EPQ doesn’t take into account Hollander’s interactionist approach it can be flawed. Without taking into account a personalities ability to change it becomes impossible to categorise a person’s personality.

The required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan

Introduction In the recent years, President George Bush of America once had a freedom agenda for the non-democratic nations. The President’s vow was to stand on the same ground with non-democratic countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, Ukraine, Syria, and Pakistan in search of freedom and democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, it is true that social equality and free will emanates in a number of ways. In this perspective, Afghanistan as a nation ought to get support in order to relish equal experiences enjoyed by democratic states. This paper therefore takes a look at the democracy and freedom required in Afghanistan. Besides, it highlights personal outlook on whether the merited democracy is appropriate for the Afghan government. Main Body The Islamic republic of Afghanistan has continually experienced repeated violence and hatred over the past decades. However, there is still hope of peace and benedictions of freedom and democracy in the country. In the same way the American President gave hope to the countries similar to Afghanistan. In fact, there are several aspects of freedom that could make any country to enjoy its democracy. Initially, Afghanistan deserves the rights to ballot, freedom of elections, sovereignty of assembly and communication, as well as admittance to the rule of law and fairness. Moreover, the country deserves imprisonment, custodial, and death penalty reforms, equal rights for women, and civilians’ fortification (Barry and Greene 5). The republic deserves liberty of religious conviction, human rights watch, marginalized and children’s rights, along with protection from conflict. All these aspects freedom encourages democracy and enable Afghanistan to enjoy the experiences being enjoyed by the democratic federations. The government of Afghanistan deserv es to promote and encourage the minorities’ rights as provided for in the constitution. The freedom encourages democracy and maintains the universal human rights requirements. Correspondingly, the government should safeguard the infants from armed skirmishes. Through the support from non-governmental organizations, Afghanistan has to initiate programs to protect and promote the rights of toddlers besides addressing the ferocity against ladies. The government deserves to deliver elementary healthcare and heavily spend on the kids’ education through the funding from ARTF (Afghan Reconstruction Trust Fund). The self-rule is in consequence appropriate for ensuring that the country has brighter democracy that could last for generations to come in the future (Barry and Greene 25).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Afghanistan on the other hand deserves freedom of religious conv iction. In monitoring the religious faith, Afghanistan must closely engage the intercontinental associates. The democracy increases once every administration stands by the accountability of commitment and respects both international and national bodies in reverence to the liberty of worship (Barfield 21). As preserved in the Afghan constitution, the government ought to subsidize its democratic policies. The suitable democracy afterwards stimulates the religious understanding and tolerance in facing radicalization of the Islamic and Christian compatibility. Recently, thousands of deaths were reported in Afghanistan. As a result, there is need for protection of civilians by the national security. A good numbers of sufferers that arise from assassinations by the radical and fierce factions (Al-Qaeda) are females and the infants. The government should welcome the ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) by taking the strict steps in safeguarding the lives of inhabitants. The civil ian protection against conflict is an appropriate measure as the Afghan government finds it substantial when installing operative security. The operative security safeguards the indigenous populace. Defense encourages the changeover progression that transpires when Afghan National Security Forces instigate the leading role in national security concerns (Bastian and Luckman 34). The constitution of Afghanistan provides for equal rights to both women and men. However, a lot has to be done to ensure these rights are brought into being. The government should put more energy to advance the superior admittance of women into the primary needs.  The rising involvement of women in partisan and public life as well as monetary groups must be encouraged (Larson 51). The equity is suitable since it caters for the women commitments besides upholding their societal position hence development. In order to push for further democracy, it is wise to improve the political activities, projects, and lo bbying in sanctioning women to improve their livelihoods. Likewise, engaging women in political programs help in improving their talents and knowledge thereby becoming the democratic Afghan leaders in the future. In order for Afghanistan to acquire compliance and filled expressions of human rights in the global criteria, the government should perform interior custodial reforms.  The state must endorse improvements and authorize foreign bodies to look after the prisoners. Essentially, welcoming the United States intensive care packages and applied trainings is significant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reforms raise the spirit and compliance of human rights with the universal standards owing to the technical apparatus that moderates the threat of exploitation. These programs encompass custody officers’ drilling, rest riction training, and training on the mechanism of human rights grievances aligned with supervision of jail. Reform is suitable for Afghanistan institution since it minimizes over-dependency and mistrust of guilt declaration during trials. Similarly, the forces in Afghanistan ought to initiate the models of handling maltreatment of inmates (Larson 56). The influential and lawful reform provisions carries on with investment in training of human rights of detainees in order to encourage open democracy. According to Barry and Greene assertions, Afghanistan as a non-democratic nation deserves to fully abolish the capital punishment such as death sentence (p.26). Indeed, the Afghan administration has to re-familiarize itself with a freeze in the nations bid of culminating death penalty. For hope of freedom in Afghanistan, the government must overthrow the philosophy of death penalty. It is clear that America government that supports the Afghan democracy is at all costs opposed to the dea th punishment. The social equality is suitable given that every individual is entitled to the right of living (Bastian and Luckman 44). The democratic space in Afghanistan deserves access to the rule of law and justice. The Afghan government should work comprehensively to develop the system of justice through improving the capability of putting the inhabitants who are liable for grave offences on trial. The tasks of observing the office of the Afghan Attorney while prosecuting and investigating the offences encompass the task force build on the capacity of Criminal Justice. A proper democratic nation requires training and engagement of all the fresh police forces to the human rights watch. In Afghanistan, the United States tries to upkeep the Policing Mission in order to reinforce the capacity of the Inspector General (Barfield 25). The sovereignty helps to preclude, inspect, and impeach unlawful activities inside the Afghan national police and the Interior ministry. Access to justi ce and the rule of law is appropriate for the Afghan government in the wake of embracing democracy. The liberty of rule of law and justice helps in maintenance and strengthening of governance while developing access to democracy.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, democracy transpires due to the availability of trained legal experts who can take care of the unlawful processes, legal principles, unbiased hearings, and legitimate assistance during trials. In general, the democracy ensures law application to help in unprejudiced governance and combat of corruption (Barfield 31). The freedom of assembly and expression is an important democratic aspect in whichever nation. The Afghan journalists and media houses presently face excessive constraints and threats. Therefore, the legislature and constitution are duty-bound to protect the doctrines of free media and speech. The ministry of Culture and Information must issue fresh media bills and engage the human rights and civil societies. The autonomy tends to prompt the anxiety regarding the influence of providing liberty of association and expression. It is advisable for Afghanistan adopt the norm of freedom of expression and assembly in order to embrace democracy. Consultation with the in dependent organizations when drafting the media bill reduces the chances of compromise of freedom of expression and assembly by the government. Right to speech is thus appropriate for Afghanistan since it helps the republic in controlling the social order through overcoming communication encounters. Further, democracy inspires the growth of responsible and open Afghan organizations (Bastian and Luckman 49). The admin of Afghanistan deserves to develop responsible, open, and resilient organizations such as the parliament so as to promote good governance.   The obligation of the Afghan government on electoral reforms would enable clear, comprehensive, and trustworthy elections in the near future. In regards to the components of the constitution, the anti-corruption pronouncement is appropriate to ensure freedom of elections in Afghanistan. In fact, the sincerity and magnitude of democratic restructuring in the Afghan regime should be encouraged amongst the civil societies and politi cal parties by the legislative body. Albeit the passage may seem challenging, the draft legislation on the electoral reforms deserves to be verified and approved by the legislature (Larson 27). Conversely, the Afghan IEC (Independent Election Commission) ought to fulfill the promises on the planned elections to augment democracy. Elections would enable the minority, women, and the other Afghan marginalized groups to fully take part in the electoral process. With the aid of states such as the US and UK, Afghanistan should enjoy democracy akin to any other democratic nation. The support ensures backup and distribution of the ballot through the gender unit of IEC. Hence, improved superiority of Afghan IEC feminine staff and marginalized factions amplifies through the upgraded voter edification. For that reason, freedom of election suitable given that the funds for Afghan Fair and Free Elections foundation ensures the progress and involvement of parties and voters in electoral processes (Larson 36). Conclusion The sequence of democracy and freedom in Afghanistan necessitates intensified struggle with hopelessness. The philosophy of hatred must be dealt with promptly for Afghanistan to enjoy and disperse the faith of embracing democracy. For several decades, Afghanistan has thrived to embrace freedom and democracy but to no avail. In recent times, the institutionalization of the President’s Freedom Agenda has acted as guiding principle to the Afghan’s future democracy. The categorized practices and strategies are suitable for national promotion of freedom and democracy. However, a number of challenges may face both Afghanistan and its aiders in ensuring democracy and freedom. Works Cited Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History, Princeton, NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010. Print. Barry, Charles and S. Greene. What Democracy for Afghanistan? An Analysis Utilizing Established Norms and Five Non-Western Cases, Washin gton, D.C.: National Defense University, 2009. Print. Bastian, Sunil and R. Luckman. Can Democracy be Designed? The Politics of Institutional Choice in Conflict-torn Societies, London and New York: Zed Books, 2003. Print. Larson, Anna. Deconstructing Democracy in Afghanistan, York University, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2011. Print. This essay on The required Freedom and Democracy in Afghanistan was written and submitted by user Haleigh Mendoza to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How To Write Conclusion Paragraph For Essay, with Example

How To Write Conclusion Paragraph For Essay, with Example How to Write a Conclusion Paragraph for an Essay Thinking over a Conclusion When thinking of how to end an essay, it is necessary to ask yourself questions with regards to your conclusion. Examples of these questions include: Does my conclusion reference the title and thesis of the essay? How relevant is my conclusion to the title of the essay? Is my conclusion in line with the evidence as well as the argument I have presented in my article? Is there any new piece of information that I have introduced within my conclusion? The above questions are simply guidelines that should help you write a conclusion that includes all the necessary issues while avoiding everything that is irrelevant. A conclusion should have a lasting impact on the audience, and hence it is important that the writer gets it right. Start Combinations of Words for Conclusion When writing the introduction, starting has always proved to be a challenge, and the same can also be said when writing a conclusion albeit to a lesser degree. It is important to choose appropriate start combinations of words when writing a conclusion and not just because they signal the end of the article but also because they help elevate the status of an essay. Below are some tips to help you choose start combination of words when writing a conclusion: Select words that signal the end of the article, for example: Finally, In conclusion, In summary, etc. The above words and phrases are indeed overused but, on the other hand, they help to ensure continuity in an article and to signal to the audience that the end is nigh. It is important to consider the option of using one-syllable words. Regardless of how good an article is, the use of simple language while ending the essay often creates or brings about an effect of understated drama. Advices Concerning Conclusion Writing Essay conclusion writing for a perfect essay should be smooth, mainly because no research is involved in this section. Writers are simply expected to use information from their article or essay to conclude. It is, therefore, in comparison to the other sections, the easiest of all. However, few students find it smooth while others struggle with simple things such as synthesizing their main points. Below are some tips on how to write an essay conclusion: Provide a link between the conclusion and the first paragraph. This is often done by using or repeating or reusing a word or a phrase that was included in the first paragraph. Conclude your essay by setting your discussion to a larger or a different context. Increasing the essays limits or coverage is important. If, for example, you were handling an essay on social inequality in the US in the early 20th century, you could expand it or link it to the current social inequality index in the US. Try and avoid providing vague summaries of your main points. Writers should focus on synthesizing their main points and explaining to their audience how their arguments fit in the topic of discussion. Summaries seem flat and might leave much to be desired while also leaving the audience dissatisfied. Include the implications of your study or research. Depending on the topic under study, you should answer the question what does your argument suggest, involve or imply? You should at least try and mention how your line of thinking fits into the world or should shape or affect the overall perception of a topic. Include a section that proposes or suggests a course of action. After reading the article, your audience should be able to apply the information acquired to their life or business or put your argument to test. Reference to Thesis The entire essay should be a reference to your thesis statement including the conclusion. As a matter of fact, an essay conclusion should include a section that restates or rephrases the thesis statement. However, it is essential to remember that restating the thesis is not the main goal. The writer should avoid rephrasing without having a predetermined purpose. You should make a substantive change to the thesis to help elevate and reinforce the main argument of the article. The audience should feel convinced that the argument presented fits perfectly with the topic under study. Other Advices Since conclusions only provide a summary of the essay, it is wise to avoid including a lot of information and risk contradicting some of your arguments. Make your essay conclusion short and include only the essentials. Avoid giving apologies for some of the arguments or ideas included within the article. Things to Avoid in Conclusion Writing When writing a conclusion, students use different strategies, but it is vital to avoid the following methods or strategies: Avoid using ending clichà ©s such as â€Å"In conclusion†, â€Å"In summary†, â€Å"In closing†, etc. The above are often referred to overused phrases and thus paint a negative picture of the writer. In speeches, these phrases might be appropriate, but in writing, it is important to systematically outline the points and prepare the readership for the conclusion. Rephrasing the thesis statement without making any fundamental changes. Students are always advised to end their essays by rephrasing their thesis statements. However, it would appear inexperienced, lacking in creativity, and shallow in the topic under study if they only paraphrase their main argument. For the end to be meaningful, the writer should rephrase the thesis, but make sure that the change if of value. Do not introduce a new idea or topic in the conclusion. These should be included in the main body of the essay. A conclusion is often short and includes information that has already been incorporated in the article or essay. It is, therefore inappropriate to add new information. Avoid including citations or quoting statistics or quotations in the conclusion. Like the above warning, these should also be in the body of the paper. While conclusions often make emotional appeals to audiences, it is essential to avoid making appeals that are not in sync with the rest of the paper. All information that is included in the conclusion should coincide with the rest of the paper. It is, therefore, reckless to include anything that signals differently. Example of Conclusion The truth is, African countries are yet to experience real democracy. Additionally, those who think that they are experiencing or have experienced democracy in the past are only living in denial. The rise of power-hungry leaders who are fueled by their quest for supreme power and material things has undermined the hope for a better future for Africans. Transfer of power is proving to be a big issue, and the citizens are undoubtedly the victims in this story. However, a significant majority is still hopeful of change and have tried their best to forge diplomatic fights against their governments. It is this undying and contagious love for country as well as a resolute spirit of not giving up that motivates this group and albeit fuzzy, the future will indeed be better.

Bringing up baby

Bringing up baby Essay Screwball comedy shows irreverence for love associated with childish. For instance, comments such as, Stand still, Godfrey. Itll all be over in a minute, as Carole Lombard says to William Powell as their characters are about to be wed in My Man Godfrey demonstrates the ridiculousness and childishness of the upper classes. She seems almost his mother, chiding an impatient and antsy child, and neither of them seems to understand the gravity of their situation, a fact that would not escape the original viewers. It is almost as though they were children playing at getting married, not thinking about the fact that marriage comes with commitments and responsibilities. Many times the adult thing to do is talk about your feelings, no matter how hard that is, and in Love Crazy, if Steve just told Susan exactly what happened at Isobels apartment and what they did, all the craziness could be avoided. Similarly, in The Awful Truth, if Jerry just told Lucy what he did in California and both discussed their strong doubts and feelings, they would have never jumped to erroneous conclusions as to each others faithfulness and ended up divorced. In His Girl Friday, if Walter just admitted that his love for Hildy was stronger than his love for his work, Hildy would never have left and theyd been together before the movie had even started. All their troubles could be avoided if they were just honest and spoke out about what went on inside them instead of playing such extravagant games and expecting themselves and others to jump through ridiculous hoops. In the world of Screwball Comedy, such actions are triggered by an association with the freedom of childhood. (Gehring, p.38) It is their inherent desire to be selfish that keeps them from doing the greater good. Childish behavior would coincide with Steve being impatient about getting his anniversary sex at the end of the night and therefore ruining the night by convincing Susan to do it in reverse, Jerry demanding answers about the Lucys relationship with her teacher but not feeling any responsibility for his actions in California, or Walters concern for making money and getting his girl but complete unconcern with the greater good of society or Hildys feelings. It can be seen that childishness is their inability to contain their composure and retain control over their own desires instead of letting their desires controlling them. Byrge and Miller compliment Gehring in his attempt to capture the characteristics that would describe a childlike nature to the Screwball comedy characters by describing them as, The innocently aggressive, noisily silly, endearingly defiant, and happily destructive way that little children at play repeatedly disturb the peace and boredom of adults vain attempts at domestic tranquility (2). This childishness and inability to accept adult life is one of the most marked elements of a screwball comedy. Romantic comedies take the exact opposite approach to this question. Instead of reverting to childish antics, such as in a screwball comedy, they hold that adult behavior is a more desirable way to live by. Elements such as careers, morality, truth and the feelings of others play into the decision making. For instance, in My Best Friends Wedding, the heroine Julianne and her gay best friend lie on her bed and discuss the moral and ethical ramifications of stealing a groom from his bride and thus destroying another couples wedding in order to satisfy Juliannes selfish desires. This kind of rational discourse is nonexistent in the screwball world. In fact, in the screwball comedy Bringing Up Baby, Grant must make the decision between a normal, safe relationship from which he is already committed to or the zany, unpredictable life with the comic anti-heroine. READ: A Doll's House Externalizing Inner Problems EssayIn the end, Grant drops his marriage commitment to the normal woman in favor of the screwball heroine. In a direct contrast, in the romantic comedy My Best Friends Wedding, Michael decides to stay true to his prior marriage commitment with his fianci e despite Juliannes confession of love, breaking the screwball mold and making the obviously the more responsible course of action. However, even Juliannes confession of love is a direct contrast to a screwball comedys course of action. In a screwball comedy, important issues are swept under the rug and are not discussed. An example of this is The Awful Truth, in which the issues in Jerry and Lucys marriage and their reasons for suspecting each other of infidelity are not truly discussed. Juliannes profession of love to Michael, fruitless as it ends up being, is a much more adult response to an emotion than Lucy and Jerrys reaction to their emotions. Another major difference is that within romantic comedies, the career and responsibilities play a major role in the lives of the characters. Everyone in the romantic comedy has a career and is actively involved within that career. However, in screwball movies such as The Thin Man, detective Powell is happy just spending his wifes money and experiencing the most pleasure he can in his settled down state. At one point, everyone is enjoying cocktails at a party when the joyful singing on the radio is interrupted by a report describing a developing criminal investigation and Powells response is to turn it off saying Does it always have to be business? When confronted about the investigation by his friends his response is Im a gentleman now implying his lack of concern for his responsibilities and career. However, in Youve Got Mail, the hero and heroine clash over their businesses. Joes book Superstore threatens to destroy Kathleens smaller bookstore, and they clash continuously over their careers. This can be juxtaposed to The Awful Truth in which there is no attempt to establish an occupational cover for Cary Grant. In fact, there was a point in filming When Cary came to that scene he stopped and laughed, Where am I supposed to have gotten any money? He asked. I never work, you never show me doing any sort of job' (Gehring, 31). This is an obvious contrast to the fact that in a screwball comedy, the career of the main character is anything but important. The adult concerns of those in a romantic comedy are very different from the childish nature of the screwball comedies characters. One of the most essential elements of the screwball comedy is satire, and this comes through heavily in the reversal of gender roles in screwball comedy. While in most films, the male pursues the female of his dreams and then controls the relationship, in the screwball genre, the roles flip. Gehring makes the point that the comic antihero suffers from basic male frustration (especially in relation to women), and thus, in the screwball marriage, the questioning of the conventional marriage becomes evident in the fact that, The traditional hero can control his woman and doesnt stick his neck out for no one and the screwball male has an inability to control his wife, resulting in a true satire of a traditional marriage (Creese). For instance, in Love Crazy Steve Ireland desperately wants to make love to his wife on his anniversary and ignore everything else, but because of his inability to control the situation as a man in a traditionally portrayed marriage would, the entire situation becomes nothing more than a parody of marital conventions. He is weak and fleeting and does not at all fulfill the role of a conventional man. In another example of the reversal of gender roles, the conventional man, such as Ward Manly Man Willoughby, becomes irrelevant. READ: The darkling Thrush and Neutral tones EssayWhile he does the right thing according to society, yet he is still always wrong. No one remembers his name and in the very end he gets locked up in the asylum with no one to save him. In a traditional film in which traditional marriage and gender roles were maintained, the husband would not be weak and the strong men in the film would end up well, not in a mental institution. The last questioning of conventional marriage comes in the form of a strong, assertive woman. All the power in the film lies with Susan, Steves wife. In a completely satiric reversal of roles, she is an uncontrollable force, and, rather than being passive in the stereotype of women at that time, she moves the entire story along by herself. Everything is done according to Susans word; she asks for the divorce, she hooks up with Ward, and she sends Steve to the insane asylum. Screwball comedy is entirely female driven, with an eccentric heroine saving an antiheroic leading man from a rigid lifestyle. A classic example is when Hepburns love rescues Grant from his mundane career and equally sterile fianci e in Bringing Up Baby. In addition, the inevitability of the screwball heroines victory is nicely summarized in Lady Eve, when Henry Fonda learns the moral of the screwball comedy: when you think, consider or try to understand, you lose. By considering the morality of being with Barbara Stanwyck, he ends up unhappy and sets himself into a wacky cascade of screwball moments brought about by our heroines thirst for revenge. Every time Fonda throws a quote such as The difference between man and beast is the ability to understand, he learns facts he didnt want to know, such as how many men Stanwyck had been with before him. Fonda doesnt truly learn his lesson until at the end where he finally says, I dont want to understand. Still, the genre also has room for the antiheroic screwball heroine who wins despite herself. In Bringing Up Baby, Hepburn ruins Grants car, ruins his golf game, and loses his opportunity at getting the million dollars grant, and even destroys the brontosaurs exhibit (symbolically the last vestiges of his academic rigidity), but in the end Grant still falls in love with her. Eventually, she both loosens up the classically rigid male and frees him from a domineering, deadening fianci e. This female dominated relationship is not so apparent in romantic comedies The screwball heroine has lost some of her allure. Sleepless in Seattle borrows from screwball comedy without really becoming a part of the screwball genre itself, because it lacks double entendres, fast talk, and the mock adultery. Despite having zany situations and a romantic plot, Sleepless in Seattle is an addition to the romantic comedy genre (Shumway).

Sexual Harassment Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sexual Harassment - Research Paper Example It commonly takes a pattern of behavior, but it can also take the form of a single incidence to direct towards a group of persons or an individual. It is noteworthy that all employees; whether supervisors, peers, or subordinates should treat one another with respect, tolerance, sensitivity, and impartiality. They should avoid any behavior that may create a hostile environment or intimidation at the work place. However, this is not the case in most of the workplaces as observed. Many types of behaviors fall under the same umbrella of sexual harassment. There are effective ways as outlined in the law to deal with sexual harassment. People consider sexual harassment as a â€Å"natural† practice based on pure sexual attraction (Petrocelli, and Barbara Kate, 3). A common say goes, â€Å"Boys will be boys†. They will always be attracted to women at all costs or any circumstance. Sexual harassment may result from the victim’s provocative dressing behavior, people statin g, â€Å"she was asking for it† (Resnik 660). That statement is what most of the culprits say. They also believe that sexual harassment is justified because women are working in jobs traditionally held by men i.e. â€Å"it is men’s work; women should not be there.† The tradition that women should not have power still operates for some persons. In that, they believe that women should primarily be homemakers.In most cases, what follows is that there are no consequences for the harasser, no incentives to report sexual harassment (Baillien, Inge, and Hans 5). The victim receives blame while, in other cases, it is said that a work environment is permissive of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is also about economic motivations. Men have used it in maintaining their competitiveness in the workplace. Their aim in doing this is to preserve their most rewarding jobs as they brand women in such positions as incompetent and unsuitable for such positions.Sexual harassmen t is a dignity insult in the workplace. Some theories characterize sexual harassment as a violation of dignity. They aim at prohibiting harassing behavior towards all workers regardless of gender (Heather, Vanessa, and Deborah 4). In fact, some Western European countries address such issues as â€Å"moral harassment,†, â€Å"workplace bullying† or â€Å"mobbing† thus; they focus less on the issue as a gender dynamic and more on the question of rights for all workers. Sexual harassment refers to any interaction be it verbal, or physical, that causes displeasure. This interaction could be verbal abuse, jokes, or conversations about sex or sexual suggestions or explicit language about sex that offends another person. Pressure for sex e.g. one could be flirting, asking for sex, staring or brushing up against a person’s body, is an offensive behavior. It includes any physical contact that a person does not want like patting, pinching, hugging kissing or any un needed touching (Baker 23). Showing any sexually explicit or degrading materials like posters, calendars, graffiti, or clothing with an offensive message is another conduct considered sexual harassment (Barickman, Barickman, and Paludi 133). Short message services (SMS) in mobile phones and emails or other communication tools that display offensive language is sexual harassment. A work-related event that is sexually oriented is a serious offence considered harassment. In some cases, an employer or fellow

Decision-Making Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decision-Making Paper - Essay Example 317). Decisions made by groups are usually hamstrung by the need to reach a consensus. Consensus calls for parties to a discussion to have the same comprehension of the terms under discussion. The procedure for building a consensus involves discussion, fronting a proposal, testing for the consensus in terms of no and yes, modification of the proposal in question, and determination if the consensus is achieved or blocked (Herera, Martinez and Sanchez, 2005, p. 118). There are five processes of decision making. These processes are: acknowledgement of the existence of a situation that needs decision making, identifying and establishing alternative solutions to the problem or opportunity, evaluation on the available options or alternatives, choice of an alternative, and implementing the selected option (Amadi-Echendu, 2012, 115). The main models of making decisions are the rational model, the intuitive model, the combination model, and satisfying model. The rational decision making model is an approach to decision making in a structured and sequential form. It incorporates a series of steps such as the identification of problem or opportunity, gathering information, analysis of the situations to develop and evaluate options, selection of an alternative, and acting on the decision chosen. It is an ideal model since it provides a discipline channel of making decision. However, this model is quit time consuming as it involves investigation of the existing problems or opportunity before the course of action is made (Amadi-Echendu, 2012, p. 117). On the other hand, the intuitive decision making model is based on an individual making a decision based on instincts or inner knowing or intuitions. This technique is ideal in situations that require prompt/ timely decision making. The combination technique encompasses the incorporation of both the rational and intuitive approaches to making a decision. As for satisfying method, it

Treatment for Juveniles Essay Example for Free

Treatment for Juveniles Essay Introduction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Juvenile offenders compose a considerable chunk of criminal offenders confined in various institutions all over the United States (Juvenile offenders, 2003). In fact, reports show that the number of juvenile offenders has risen over the past decade (Juvenile offenders, 2003). Two Corrections Compendium surveys conducted ten years apart show that the number of juvenile offenders increased by an average of 11.5 percent over the said period (Juvenile offenders, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The determination of the determining age for persons to be classified as an adult or juvenile offender vary from state to state (Juvenile offenders, 2003). An accused could execute a waiver to adult court, and the age limit for such a waiver similarly varies in different states (Juvenile offenders, 2003). For example, in Kansas, the age limit could go for as low as ten years of age, while Illinois has set the bar at seventeen tears (Juvenile offenders, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Considering the rising number of juvenile offenders each year, there is likewise an observed increase in the number of secure juvenile facilities in the country (Juvenile offenders, 2003). From 95 secure juvenile facilities in 1993, there are now 169 such facilities based on 22 U.S. reporting systems (Juvenile offenders, 2003). Characteristics of Good Juvenile Facilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Good juvenile facilities offer various programs for juvenile offenders, including academic courses, mental health counseling, life skills training, vocational training, anger management classes, substance abuse education, and religious programs (Juvenile offenders, 2003). There are also newly integrated programs designed to help juvenile offenders reintegrate themselves in society, in order to allow them smoother transition from detention to the outside world (Baltodano, Platt, Roberts, 2005). These programs include sexual health education, expressive art therapy, and restorative justice practices (Juvenile offenders, 2003). Issues in Juvenile Treatment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One vital issue in juvenile treatment concerns aftercare programs. Such programs are vital for they serve as the means by which the treated juvenile offender can slowly reintegrate themselves into the community. The primary goal of aftercare programs is to, â€Å"Reduce the likelihood of recidivism and to foster success in the community.† (Baltodano et al, 2005) In Baltodano et al (2005), a study to determine the juveniles’ perception of aftercare programs. Particular focus was given on the effectiveness of the transition process as perceived by the youth themselves. Research Design and Data Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Baltodano et al (2005) study utilized the survey as the primary data collection method. The survey involved 120 youth in a chosen urban county detention facility. The participants were asked what their opinions were on issues such as, â€Å"The effectiveness of transition services, and characteristics of programs that they felt were beneficial.† (Baltodano et al, 2005)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The findings of the study revealed that there were no significant relationships that existed between the number of times of previous detention, the youth’s gender, special education status, or the difficulty that the youth encountered with returning to school. Nevertheless, there was a significant finding in that the youths who anticipated being released and going home to family or relatives had a lower mean number of times of being detained again than those who find themselves in other situations upon release. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A review of the Baltodano et al (2005) study reveals the value of aftercare programs of juvenile detention centers. Based on the findings of the said study, it is deemed vital that carefully planned aftercare programs be implemented in juvenile detention centers. This will ensure that the youths will still be properly monitored. Also, this will allow the youth to receive guidance as to how they can successfully reintegrate themselves into the community. Finally, aftercare programs will help decrease the chances of the youth being detained again. References Baltodano, H. M., Platt, D. Roberts, C. W. (2005). Transition from Secure Care to the Community: Significant Issues for Youth in Detention. Journal of Correctional Education 56(4), p. 372-388. Juvenile offenders. (2003). Corrections Compendium 28(5), p. 9-15. Wilder, B. A., Riley III, F. E., Sorensen, L. H. (2004). Quality Improvement in Juvenile Corrections: An Opportunity That Benefits Staff and Clients. Corrections Today   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   66(7), p. 122-127.

Battle of the Sexes :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

Battle of the Sexes Tiny pink nipples peeked out from our pasty chests and our protruding ribs gave way to our sun-starved tummies. Alex and I ran free, our shirts flapping in the wind as we waved them over our heads like victory flags. Moments later, on that April day in first grade, my best friend and I experienced the injustices of womanhood; our teachers informed us that we were not allowed to go shirtless during recess. "Why?" Alex whined. "That's not fair," I protested. "The boys can." Of course our complaints received the usual response, "It's different for little boys and little girls." An answer that was not only unsatisfactory, but infuriating as well. Indignantly, Alex and I argued our way to topless equality. By age six, I challenged the double standard set for boys and girls. Instinctively, I knew to speak out against blatant sexism. When I heard a guest at a dinner party remark, "What a shame that beautiful curly hair was wasted on your son. You really should consider cutting it, so the poor thing doesn't get mistaken for a girl." I boldly cut in, "Boys can have long hair just as much as girls. They can be beautiful too, you know." The adults chuckled over my petulance and my parents shared embarrassed smiles. Then they banished me to the designated "children's table," leaving me with a lingering sense of injustice. My strong desire for equality has been shaped by experiences like these and myriad of other people and standards as well. For example, I am angered by the emphasis society places on men to become "big, strong protector providers" while women are encouraged to appear docile and meek. When I was young I watched cartoons like Popeye and Superman, noting their bravery in rescuing innocent folks from the arms of danger. Then I wanted to know why there were no women heroes. Why couldn't females be the ones to flex their muscles at monsters and "bad guys" to protect or rescue their helpless male lovers? Early in my life I recognized these implied yet clear-cut roles for men and women and they still exist in many areas of life today. However, I strongly believe that males and females deserve equal opportunities and that expectations based on gender are unfair.

Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases: HIV

Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases HIV or the Human Deficiency virus is like other viruses including the flu, but the one thing that makes this virus so different than any other is that the body is unable to clear this one out completely. Once someone is infected, there is no cure. Over time, HIV can also hide or mask itself in the body's cells. The cells within a person's body that fght off infection are called CD4 cells or T cells. HIV attacks these cells and copies or replicates itself inside these cells, then destroys them.HIV over time will estroy so many of these cells that the body is unable to fght off infection anymore. When this starts happening, AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome happens which is the final stage of HIV. HIV is transmitted through someone's blood or bodily fluids which can encompass semen, breast milk, vaginal fluids, and rectal mucous (AIDS. GOV, 2013) and usually it is passed from one person to another through sexual contact; however, HIV can al so be transmitted through childbirth or IV drug use. Healthcare workers are also at risk from infected bodily fluids.Fluids from an nfected person can deliver the virus to someone else's bloodstream. Within 2-4 weeks, and up to as late as 3 months, exposure to HIV can happen with a sudden onset of flu like symptoms including fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes or ulcers in the mouth (CDC, 2013). Sometimes no signs or symptoms of infection are present in someone with HIV. Certain individuals may feel sick as HIV turns into AIDS or have occasional bouts of sickness, but not really know or feel they are infected.When HIV progresses to HIV, he flu like sign and symptoms mentioned earlier can become far more severe. Many of the complications stemming from HIV are opportunistic infections, which happen in patients with a weakened immune system (CDC, 2013). â€Å"Some of these opportunistic infections include tuberculosis, salmonellos is, cytomeglaovirus, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporiosis, Wasting Syndrome, neurological problems, and kidney disease (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Specific skin cancers including Kaposi's Sarcoma and lymphomas also happen in patients who are HIV positive† (Mayo Clinic, 2013).Antivirals are the treatment for HIV and presently there is no known cure. Treatment most often involves combinations of different drugs to avoid creating strains of the virus that are immune to single drug treatments (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The number of CD4 or T cells monitors treatment response. The viral load should be undetectable while undergoing antiviral therapy. The count is checked when treatment starts and usually monitored every 3-6 months. Even if someone has an undetectable viral load, the spreading of HIV is still a possibility.According to estimates and numbers provided by the CDC, about one and half million people 13 years of age and younger is HIV positive. Demograph ics also show that almost 20% of people who are infected do not know they have the virus. The CDC estimates that now every year, there are about 50,000 new cases diagnosed (2013). At risk groups include gay men, bisexual people, and African Americans (CDC, ) Young Atrican American males are at greatest risk tor contracting HIV among various ethnicities and races (CDC, 2013).An individual's risk for HIV or social determinants of health related to HIV is income, education, geographic region, overty, gender orientation, early childhood experiences, and alcohol or substance abuse. The CDC states, â€Å"that by reducing the number od new HIV infections and improving the health and well-being of those already infected with HIV depends on changing the social determinants that place people at risk of infection† (CDC, 2-13). The epidemiological triangle of HIV consists of three things: the person, the causative agent, or the environment (Smith, 169).The causative agent that causes AID S is HIV or the virus itself. The host is a person in the case of HIV and the environment is the either the host or the agent, but a factor that influences interaction between the two. The epidemiological triangle consists of three things: the person, the causative agent, or the environment (Smith, 169). In the triangle for HIV, the agent that causes AIDS is HIV or the virus. The host is a person in the case of HIV. The environment is neither the host nor the agent, but something that influences interaction between the two (Smith, 169).The host factors for HIV include age, sex, ethnic background, race, sexual orientation, education, and economic status (Smith, 169). The agent actors or causative agent for HIV are the virus itself and the mode of transmission, life cycle and virulence of the virus (Smith, 169). The environmental factors for HIV include social and economic considerations including family, community, political organization, public policy, regulations, institutions, wor kplace, occupation, economic status, technology, mobility, housing population density, attitudes, customs, culture, health practices, health services (Smith 169-170).A community health nurse with an emphasis on HIV/AIDS would work in a community or public health setting, educating t risk groups about safe sex practices and the dangers of sharing needles. Ideally, the nurse would connect patients to support groups and services, teach patients or people in the community about the prevention of the spreading of the disease, and help administer treatments and medications. Some important issues that nurses are bringing to the forefront in todays world include implementing strategies to keep HIV patients engaged in routine HIV medical and nursing care, incorporating prevention research findings to help reduce transmission locally and globally, carrying out outine HIV testing in health care settings, ensuring access to antiretroviral drugs, and preparing for emerging issues in HIV care suc h as diabetes, liver disease, obesity and elder care† (Kirton, 2007, p. 8). The Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is a national organization that channels a portion of its funds to the international financing for he fght against HIV and AIDS. It also gives funds to strengthening health systems, as most are inadequate to educate and inform communities and people about the prevention of HIV. Programs supported by the Global Fund give to communities with lifesaving ntiviral therapies and counseling on the prevention of the virus.

Ecological Interaction Of Humans And Reptiles Environmental Sciences Essay

Ecological interaction is the relation between species that live together in a community ; specifically, the consequence an person of one species may exercise on an person of another species. Reptiles and amphibious vehicles seems non to play a really important function in the sustainability of human life on Earth but deeper research into the functions of these beings indicates that they are of importance. There are assorted ecological menaces which can impact reptilians. Habitat loss and devastation is a major ecological issue impacting reptilian species. Habitat loss is widely recognized as the taking menace to planetary biodiversity. While hard to specifically categorise, habitat loss take topographic points on an overlapping scope from small-scale to large-scale and from absolute devastation to subtle debasement. There are many factors which contribute to this phenomena. Activities such as excavation, logging, switching cultivation and glade of secret plans of land can present menace to the natural home grounds of many herpes. This promotes migration of species from one country to another therefore cut downing the diverseness of the country. Climate alteration is another deduction which can act upon the lives of herpes and reptilians. Climate alteration responses will be influenced by a figure of factors: ( 1 ) expected alterations and incompatibility in local environmental and habitat conditions ; ( 2 ) the phenology ( clocking ) of life-requisite activities ; ( 3 ) interactions with emerging pathogens and invasive species ; and ( 4 ) interactions with other environmental stressors ( e.g. , chemicals ) . Over the short term ( e.g. , yearly ) , the interaction of these factors will find generative success rates and endurance to metabolism. Over the long term, the regularity and extent of utmost temperature and precipitation events will probably act upon the continuity of local populations, distribution capablenesss and therefore the construction of meta-populations on the landscape. Alternation in air and H2O temperature, precipitation, and the hydro period ( Carey and Alexander 2003 ) tends to impact amphibious and reptilian species since they are extremely sensitive to and react strongly to these alterations. This is due to them being poikilotherms ; their organic structure temperature depends on most favourable environmental status. Amphibians require aquatic and damp home ground for puting egg and larval development and station metamorphous life phases severally. Amphibians are more likely to see lower endurance rate to metabolism as the temperature warms and variableness of H2O proceed. Speciess related with passing Waterss, such as low pools and jumping watercourses may be preponderantly susceptible to altered precipitation forms. Temperatures outside of their thermic optima will besides do physiological emphasiss. Some reptile species exhibit temperature-dependent sex finding during egg incubation that could be influenced by alterations and variableness in planetary climate.Because of their affinities to aquatic home grounds and their little size, amphibious vehicles typically have comparatively little place scopes and low dispersion rates. Reptiles are more nomadic and have a greater ability to defy the expected drier and warmer conditions. However, because cardinal home grounds and species scopes have already been altered and fragmented by human usage and development, the physical tracts to link animate beings with suited home grounds ( e.g. , upwards in latitude or lift ) may non be. Direct ecological interactions between herpes includes: niche differenciation ( resource breakdown ) , predation and competition. Niche differenciationrefers to the procedure by which natural choice thrusts viing species into different forms of resource usage or different niches. This causes one coinage to partition resource with another so that one does non wholly out compete the other, accordingly coexistence is achieved through the distinction of their realized ecological niches. Niche partitioning may non happen if there is sufficient geographic and ecological infinite for beings to spread out into. A typical illustration of resource breakdown is shown by the Anolis lizards in the tropical rain forest. Although they portion common nutrient demands – chiefly insect, they evade competition by shacking in different parts of the rain forest. Some live on the foliage litter floor while others live on fly-by-night subdivisions, thereby avoiding competition over nutrient in those subdivisions of the forest. Resourse breakdown is a type of niche distinction. Resource partitioning occurs when biological species require different parts of the same resource.Human interactions with amphibious populations.Human existences have impacted about on every life animal on Earth both straight and indirectly. Worlds have interacted with amphibious vehicles since antiquity. Some of these exchanges are direct and easy understood while other connexions are more hard to spot. Human activity has caused the disappearing of many carnal species, the deceases and diseases of others and as a consequence, pose major a menace to the Earth ‘s biodiversity. Due to human interactions, many at that place has been dramatic diminutions in amphibious populations, including population clangs and mass localised extinctions, have been noted since the 1980s from locations all over the universe. These diminutions are perceived as one of the most critical menaces to planetary biodiversity, and several causes are believed to be involved, including, over exploiataion, pollution and chemical usage, habitat devastation and alteration, clime alteration, and increased ultraviolet-B radiation ( UV-B ) . Human interactions can be direct and indirect. Direct interactions with amphibious vehicles: this involves straight taking species of amphibious vehicles which includes toads, frogs, salamanders, triton and utilizing them for commercial and economic intents. One direct human interaction is over development. As with many other resources that worlds consume and over exploit, Amphibious species are no exclusion. Frogs are commercially of import for their nutrient value. The legs of some Rana catesbeiana species are in heavy demand in China, Europe ( particularly France ) and in parts of the United States, particularly Louisiana. The worldwide crop is an estimated 200 million Rana catesbeianas ( about 10,000 metric dozenss ) yearly. Major Rana catesbeiana providers include Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, and Japan, with about 80 million collected each twelvemonth from rice Fieldss in Bangladesh entirely. As a consequence, populations have fallen drastically from inordinate development ( Economic and Ecologic Importance of Amphibians: Investigating the Connections Between Amphibians and Humans ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.suite101.com/content/amphibianhuman-interactions-a179036 # ixzz15aCfnKk6 ) In add-on, many amphibious species are removed from the natural state to be used as pets, and to provide biological markets. This development of species has besides lead to mass diminution of amphibious populations. Indirect human interactions: these include all the activities that human existences do to change the environment, which intern affects all carnal populations and planetary biodiversity. The current planetary loss of species is a procedure generated by the activities of worlds. As we modify our environment for our ain terminals, it is clear that the devastation of the home grounds of other species leads straight to their disappearing. Indirect human interactions, that has lead to mass diminution includes: Water quality factors ( chiefly caused by pollution and chemical usage ) : Many H2O ways are polluted by human activities particularly agricultural and industrial activities. These pollutants contaminate the H2O ways that many amphibious vehicles use as home grounds and since amphibious vehicles have permeable, open tegument and eggs that may readily absorb toxic substances from the environment. Their eggs are laid in H2O or in damp countries, and their larvae ( polliwogs ) are aquatic. Because amphibious vehicles are closely tied to an aquatic environment, the quality of the H2O in which they live can impact their growing, development, and endurance. Because pollutants, waterborne pathogens, and planetary environmental alterations can all affect H2O quality, these factors can in bend affect amphibious vehicles. Conversely, amphibious vehicles are of import indexs of H2O quality, and are considered a lookout species, intending that what affects amphibious vehicles soon may impact other carnal species in the hereafter. Acidification. A figure of surveies have shown that acidification of fresh H2O ( that is, a decrease in pH to acidic degrees ) via acid rain, acid snowmelt, or other manners of pollution are harmful to amphibious growing and development. Some species are more tolerant of acid conditions than others. Therefore, depending on the species, the sum of sourness, and other environmental variables, amphibious vehicles may see developmental malformations and increased mortality due to acidification. Acidification potentially affects amphibious populations and the communities in which amphibious vehicles live. For illustration, some populations of frogs in Britain have likely been reduced by H2O acidification. Salamander populations in Colorado seem to hold declined because of increased acidification during snowmelt. Several surveies have shown that acidification of the H2O can impact competition and predation between amphibious vehicles. Therefore, the larvae of some frog species may hold increased survival rates under acerb conditions because their salamander marauders show reduced predation at low pH. Nitrates and Nitrites. Many chemical merchandises used in agribusiness and industry pollute aquatic home grounds, doing potentially terrible harm to ecosystems. For illustration, the addition in concentration of nitrate in surface H2O on agricultural land due to legion beginnings may be risky to many species of fish, Toxic Substances. Merely as amphibious species display fluctuation in sensitiveness to nitrate-related compounds, they besides show fluctuation in tolerance to other toxic substances that may be found in H2O. Insecticides such as organophosphates, carbonates, and man-made pyrethroids, which are used chiefly in harvest production, have a broad array of effects on amphibious vehicles. Depending on the concentrations used and the species involved, some of these substances may be deadly, may impact growing and development, or may impact metabolism. Habitat alteration change and atomization. Habitat alteration or devastation includes the building of substructure and roads, excavation and logging activities etc. and is one of the most dramatic issues impacting amphibious species worldwide. As amphibious vehicles by and large need aquatic and tellurian home grounds to last, menaces to either home ground can impact populations. Hence, amphibious vehicles may be more vulnerable to habitat alteration than beings that merely necessitate one home ground type. Large scale clime alterations may farther be modifying aquatic home grounds, forestalling amphibious vehicles from engendering wholly. Climate alteration Anthropogenic planetary heating has unambiguously exerted a major consequence on amphibious diminutions. For illustration, in the Monteverde Cloud Forest, a series of remarkably warm old ages led to the mass disappearings of the Monteverde Harlequin toad and the Golden Toad. ( decline_in_amphibian _populations.com ) . An increased degree of cloud screen, which has warmed the darks and cooled down daytime temperatures in an effort to command planetary heating, has been blamed for easing the growing and proliferation of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( the causative agent of the fungous infection chytridiomycosis. Chytridiomycosis or Chytrid Fungus is an epizootic and a major subscriber to the diminution of amphibious populations around the universe, endangering many species with extinction. This fungus is a planetary emerging amphibious pathogen which is turn outing to be one of the worst craniate infective diseases found so far. It is doing a immense sum of extinction and disease within amphibious populations. More than 100 species of amphibious vehicles are known to be affected by the chytrid fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ) . Some are really susceptible and die rapidly while others which are more immune are bearers of the pathogen. This disease is already credited with pass overing out toads and frogs in big Numberss in Australia and South America. ( decline_in_amphibian _populations.com ) The increased temperature caused by planetary heating has besides caused the disappearing of many species from progressively hot home grounds. The rise in sea degrees which causes attendant implosion therapy and devastation of home ground has besides lead to extinction of some species. Ultra violet radiation Degrees of UV-B radiation in the ambiance have risen significantly over the past few decennaries, due to stratospheric ozone depletion and clime alteration. Research workers have found that UV-B radiation can kill amphibious vehicles straight, cause sublethal effects such as slowed growing rates and immune disfunction. The sum of harm depends upon the life phase, the species type and other environmental parametric quantities. Salamanders and toads that produce less photolyase, an enzyme that counteracts DNA harm from UVB, are more susceptible to the effects of loss of the ozone bed. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation may non kill a peculiar species or life phase but may do terrible harm to it.

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SKT2LIt review for nursing research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

SKT2LIt review for nursing - Research Paper Example The physician may have coined this leads to increased cases of alteration of the original medical instruction as. The increased lawsuit cases against healthcare institutions charged with malpractices is attributed to patient’s inability to process and comprehend medical information from nurses (Nutbeam, 2000). This problem therefore affects the administration of nursing facilities as it does the nurses and the patients due to the financial commitments they have to make during these lawsuits. Health literacy among patients is thus a problem whose impacts affect a wide group of individuals with impacts that can cost a life, affect the image of a facility or even break the career of a nursing professional. Based on the impacts of this problem, the formulation of solutions and methods of improving the literacy levels of patients should be developed promptly. The complexity of health issues continue to rise and this makes it significant to create methods of providing prompt solutio ns to the problem to help mitigate the impacts that it has in the nursing profession and the entire health profession (Scheckel, Emery and Nosek, 2010). Symptoms of problem Health literacy has no direct correlation with educational literacy as many may believe and this has resulted into lack of development of proper methods of addressing the problem. Understanding medical terms and instructions require a medical background, which is only available among the health workers. To help cushion nurses from taking responsibility for health related errors committed by patients, there is increased need to evaluate ways of improving health literacy among the general population. This will also help reduce the number of lawsuits against health facilities for mistakes committed because of low literacy levels of the patients, a situation that the hospital administration may lack proper ability to solve (Baker, 2006). There is a lot of evidence to illustrate the grave consequences of low health li teracy levels among residents of the United States and how this affects the general nursing profession. The lack of limited health vocabulary among patients compounded by facile use of medical terms by nursing professionals is responsible for increased health illiteracy and complications. A number of empirical evidence available in the country demonstrates the impacts of health literacy level on improved patient’s care. In the early 80s, patients in the United States who were diagnosed with asthma were given instructions to take theophylline regularly and to ensure diligence in following appointments as made by the nurses (Baker et al., 2002). According to Gormley-Fleming and Campbell (2011) the theophllyne prescription given to the patients were written scientifically and thus required a certain level of literacy for the patients to understand. The level of patient literacy at this time was attributed to the increased development of theophylline resistance among the general population attributed to lack of clear adherence to the instructions. Today, patients are given instructions to monitor their own disease using a peak flow meter, while making selections and correct use of appropriate inhalers. Further instructions may require the patients to augment the therapies with oral doses of steroid to help exuberate their asthma. Understanding this kind of instructions require advanced literacy levels among patients as any single omissions done has dire consequences

Everglades National Park Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Everglades National Park - Research Paper Example Background: Balanced Diversity Everglades National Park is the largest park and preserve in the state of Florida. It has a combination of sensitive wetland and estuarine environment, spanning 1,508,000 acres in area. The mangroves that mostly constitute the park are important breeding ground for numerous marine species as well as a natural habitat for alligators and many species of birds. It is also considered the largest wilderness area east of the Rocky Mountain, the biggest continuous section of saw-grass prairie and the most important breeding location for tropical wading birds in the North America. (Kras 2009, p. 9) In 1979, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designated it as a world heritage site. Such recognition was fundamentally given due to its rich biological diversity, which represented a balanced relationship of human life and nature. According to UNESCO, the area has extreme importance to the world because it has a unique blen d of human history and the diverse life forms that harmoniously lived together for ages, including those animals and plants that are considered endangered species. (Kras, p. 9) Ecological relationships A Senate Report summed up the Everglades Park’s interesting interrelationships among its life forms. It explained: The intermingling of plant and animal species from both the tropical and temperate zones, plus the merging of freshwater and saltwater habitats provide the vast biological diversity that makes Everglades National Park unique. (US Congress, p. 340) Experts point out that the park is not consisted of one single ecosystem but a system of ecosystems. The above statement underscores this highlighting how numerous and diverse habitats are in existence that offer homes to a number of flora and fauna that collectively form a kind of relationship that continually amazes scientists. Much of the area is covered by saw grass, trees and shrubs as well as palm trees, cypresses, among other tropical plants. They provide a natural habitat for animals like the American crocodile, alligators, deer, Florida panther, roseate spoonbill, wood stork, snakes, turtles, among other reptiles and animals that are endangered like the southern bald eagle. The animals are sufficiently represented to sustain a healthy food chain and sheet-flow ecosystem connected by the water system beginning with Kissimmee River, into the Lake Okeechobee and, finally into the Gulf of Mexico. The intrusion of man, particularly with the agriculture cultivation that takes place in the Everglades’ periphery, and the damage it inflicts is increasingly destroying the habitats and the relationships within. For instance, the fertilizers discharged from nearby agricultural areas led to the growth of cat-tails and furry grasses that began depleting oxygen from the waters, endangering the lives of several animals that thrive on them. (Europa 2001, p. 77) Human Intrusion Another factor that mak es Everglades National Park unique is the fact that it is situated in a mouth of a waterway instead of in a headwater like Glacier, Grand Teton and Yellowstone. Unfortunately, this variable became a major contributor in the damage being done to the park. Human activities have disrupted the water cycle that occurs within the area due to agricultural cultivation and the